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05.06.2021, admin
Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FAO , at the end of , the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2. While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.
The remaining 1. This article is about the boats used for fishing that are or were built from designs that existed before engines became available. Early fishing vessels included rafts , dugout canoes , reed boats , and boats constructed from a frame covered with hide or tree bark , such as coracles. These canoes were often cut from coniferous tree logs, using simple stone tools. They were used mainly for fishing and hunting.
The development of fishing boats took place in parallel with the development of boats built for trade and war. Early navigators began to use animal skins or woven fabrics for sails. Affixed to a pole set upright in the boat, these sails gave early boats more range, allowing voyages of exploration. According to the FAO, at the end of , the world fishing fleet included 1.
The FAO compiles these figures largely from national registers. These records often omit smaller boats where registration is not required or where fishing licences are granted by provincial or municipal authorities.
Traditional fishing boats are usually characteristic Boats Called Canoes Usa of the stretch of coast along which they operate. They evolve over time to meet the local conditions, such as the materials available locally for boat building, the type of sea conditions the boats will encounter, and the demands of the local fisheries.
These fishing boats in Gambia conform to a local design. These fishing boats conform to a different local design in Vietnam. Fishing boats in Thailand , at Surat Thani , follow this style. Fishing boats in Thailand , at Bang Sen, follow another style. Artisan fishing is small-scale commercial or subsistence fishing, particularly practices involving coastal or island ethnic groups using traditional fishing techniques and traditional boats.
This may also include heritage groups involved in customary fishing practices. Artisan fishers usually use small traditional fishing boats that are open undecked and have sails; these boats use little to no mechanised or electronic gear. Large numbers of artisan fishing boats Boats Called Canoes Model are still in use, particularly in developing countries with long productive marine coastlines.
A raft is a structure with a flat top that floats. It is the most basic boat design, characterised by the absence of a hull. The classic raft is constructed by lashing several logs, placed side by side, to two or more additional logs placed transverse to the others.
In many Asian countries, the rafts are similarly constructed using bamboo. In shallow waters, rafts can be punted with a push pole. They can be used as stealthy platforms for fishing shallow waters around lakes. In sheltered coastal waters, anchored or drifting rafts can become effective fish aggregating devices. Payaos were traditional bamboo rafts used in Southeast Asia as aggregating device.
Fishermen on the top of the raft used handlines to catch tuna. Pontoon boats , and to some degree the punt , can be viewed as modern derivatives of rafts. Boats, rafts and even small floating islands have been made from reeds. Reed rafts can be distinguished from reed boats, since the rafts are not made watertight. The earliest known boat made with reeds and tar is a year-old sea going boat found in Kuwait.
The Uros are an indigenous people pre-dating the Incas. They live, still today, on man-made floating islands scattered across Lake Titicaca. These islands are constructed from totora reeds.
Reed boats were constructed in Easter Island with a markedly similar design to those used in Peru. Coracles are light boats shaped like a bowl, typically with a frame of woven grass or reeds, or strong saplings covered with animal hides.
Coracles in Iraq are called " quffa. These reliefs are now in the British Museum. Herodotus visited Babylon in the 5th century BC, and wrote a long description of the coracles he encountered there. Traditionally, quffa were framed with willow or juniper and covered with hides or reeds. The outside was then coated with hot bitumen for waterproofing, although the inside could also be coated for larger vessels. These coracles have been in continuous use on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, particularly around Baghdad , through the s.
Some of the Iraqi coracles are very large, with the largest reaching up to 5. The outer layer was an animal skin, such as horse or bullock hide, with a thin layer of tar for waterproofing.
Today tarred calico or canvas , or simply fiberglass can be used. The Teifi coracle , for instance, is flat-bottomed, as it is designed to negotiate shallow rapids, common on the river in the summer, while the Carmarthen coracle is rounder and deeper, because it is used in tidal waters on the Tywi , where there are no rapids. Coracles can be effective fishing vessels. When operated skilfully, they hardly disturb the water or the fish. Welsh coracle fishing is performed by two men, each seated in his coracle and with one hand holding the net while with the other he plies his paddle.
When a fish is caught, each hauls up his end of the net until the two coracles touch and the fish are secured. Many coracles are so light and portable that they can easily be carried on the fisherman's shoulders. Welsh coracle fishermen use a net to catch salmon on the River Teifi , Painting of North American coracles bull boats , c. Indian coracle on the Kaveri river. Yak skin coracle in Tibet , In North America, American Indians and frontiersmen made coracles, called bull boats , by covering a willow frame with buffalo hide.
The buffalo hair was left on the hide because it inhibited the craft from spinning, and the tails were also left intact and used to tie bull boats together.
Indian coracles commonly operate on the rivers Kaveri and Tungabhadra in Southern India. Indian coracles have been used since prehistoric times. In Tibet , coracles, used for fishing and ferrying people, are made by stretching yak hide over juniper frames, and fastened with leather thongs.
They are shaped like the Iraq coracles. Yack butter is used for waterproofing. Again, different rivers have their own designs. Sometimes two coracles are strapped together for added stability. Waiting for the tow at Mui Ne Beach.
The coracles are towed in a line behind a motor boat, like beads on a string, to their fishing ground. There the fisherman lay fishing nets in the sea. Later, another tow returns the coracle fishermen to the beach with their catch. A canoe is a small narrow boat, usually pointed at both bow and stern and normally open on top, though they can be covered.
A dugout is a canoe hollowed from a tree trunk. The oldest known canoe is the dugout Pesse canoe found in the Netherlands. Another dugout, almost as old, has been found at Noyen-sur-Seine. It was discovered by Fulani herdsman in Nigeria in During the Iron Age residents of Great Britain used dugouts for fishing and transport. In , a dugout was uncovered in Poole Harbour , Dorset. The Poole Logboat , dated to BC, was large enough to accommodate 18 people and was constructed from a large oak tree.
Best known are the canoes of the Eastern North American Indians. These, often elegant canoes, were not dugouts, but were made of a wooden frame covered with bark of a birch tree , pitched to make it waterproof. Typically canoes are propelled with paddles , often by two people.
Paddlers face in the direction of travel, either seated on supports in the hull , or kneeling directly upon the hull.
Paddles can be single-bladed or double-bladed. A pirogue is a small, flat-bottomed boat of a design associated particularly with West African fishermen [29] and the Cajuns of the Louisiana marsh. These are usually dugouts, and are light and small enough to be easily taken onto land. The design allows the pirogue to move through the very shallow water of marshes and be easily turned over to drain any water that may get into the boat. The pirogue is usually propelled by paddles with one blade.
It can also be punted with a push pole in shallow water. Small sails can also be used. Outboard motors are increasingly being used in many regions. The log canoe of Chesapeake Bay is in the modern sense not a canoe at all, though it evolved through the enlargement of dugout canoes.
Kayaks are generally differentiated from canoes by the sitting position of the paddler and the number of blades on the paddle. In a kayak the paddler faces forward, legs in front, using a double bladed paddle. In a canoe the paddler faces forward and sits or kneels in the boat, using a single bladed paddle.
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