Ncert Solutions Class 10th Hindi Kritika Re,Byjus Maths Class 6 Chapter 7 Journal,Ncert Solutions Class 10 Maths Ch 7 Ex 7.2 - PDF 2021
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Functions of Family: According to Oghbum and Nimkoff, the functions of family can be divided into the following categories:. According to Maciver and Page, the functions of the family can be divided into two categories: 1. Essential functions 2. Non- essential functions. Power and Authority: On the basis of power and authority the families are divided into two types:.
Basis of Marriage: On the basis of marriage there are two types of families: Monogamous: In this one man is married to one woman i. Problems related to Marriage: Various forms, customs and conventions of marriage are prevalent in India based on the religion, caste, tribe, region etc. Certain problems are common and concerned with the majority of Indian population. Following are the three most striking problems:. Widow remarriage is actually not harmful from any angle.
It is ethically justified and healthy. It also gives fundamental rights to the young women who have been widowed, disowned by their husbands in the prime of their age. Most of the social reformers fought for widow remarriage. This Act legalised the remarriage of Hindu widows. Ill-fated brides face a lot of atrocities at the hands of their greedy in-laws. Dowry is inhuman, arbitrary and anti-social. Therefore it must be fought from all angles. But even the law has not been able to contain the greed of the dowry demanding people.
The first of these is the family in which he is born and which includes his parents, brothers and sisters. The second type of family is that which the individual sets up through marriage and which includes husband, wife and their children. The relationship formed by both these types of family ancestors and successors are called kinship.
Johnson, kinship has six important bases:. Importance of Kinship Relations: Kinship relations have an important place in the social structure. In kinship system, the behavioural patterns between two relations are determined by certain rules which are called kinship usage.
Few of them are as follows:. Understanding Social Institutions: What is a social institution? There are certain rules and regulations and norms in every institution. Religion: Unified set of beliefs and practices related to sacred things which unite the people into a single moral community. It exists in all society though it varies from region to region,country to country etc. Vaishnodevi, Varanasi, Badrinath etc.
Islam � It came to India in 7th century AD. Islam means surrender to God. Islamisation � Conversion of people into Islam mostly lower caste did it to avoid discrimination during the Mughal period.
We borrowed a few negative things from Muslims e. Parda system. They borrowed caste system from Hindus. Parallel cousin: Children of two brothers can get married. Children of two sisters can get married.
It is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred thing, uniting into a simple moral community and all those who adhere to those beliefs and practices. Faith in a divine or supreme power and specific rituals are main features of any religion. India being a pluralistic society every one has right to have faith in any religion. They believed that the Tirthankars should be covered with white clothes. They believed that Tirthankars should not be covered and left naked. Kada, Kesh, Kangha, Kacha and Kirpan dagger.
Their life is carried around Gurudwaras. They pray to the Guru Granth Sahib. The four noble truths and eight fold path is the most important. Work � They are not only for livelihood but also for satisfaction. Work involves carrying out tasks which require physical and mental abilities. The concept of work has changed over the years. The courses and streams have also changed.
Attention has moved away from primary to secondary and tertiary sector. People are more self-motivated and self-oriented. Likewise, in rural societies too, the concept of work has changed.
Now instead of manual labour, they use machines, HYV seeds etc. While power can be seen as constraining human action, it also makes action possible. It is a complex strategic situation in a given social setting. In Roman law, the word denoted the group of producers and slaves and other servants as well as the members connected by common descent or marriage. A form of marriage: A family requires a home, a householder, for its living.
Without a dwelling place the task of child bearing and child rearing cannot be adequately performed. A system of nomenclature: Every family is known by a name and has its own system of reckoning descent. Descent may be reckoned through the male line or through the female line. An economic provision: Every family needs an economic provision to satisfy the economic needs. The head of the family carries on a certain profession and earns money to maintain the family. Thus it can be said that family is a biological unit employing institutionalised sex relationship between husband and wife.
It is based on the fact of production and nurture of the child is its important function. It is a universal institution found in every era and in every society. Functions of Family: According to Oghbum and Nimkoff, the functions of family can be divided into the following categories: Affectional functions Economic functions Recreational functions Protective functions Religious functions Educational functions According to Read, the functions of the family are: Race perpetuation Socialization Regulation and satisfaction of the sex needs Economic function According to Maciver and Page, the functions of the family can be divided into two categories: 1.
Non- essential functions 1. Essential Functions Satisfaction of sex needs: This is the first essential function which the family performs.
Satisfaction of sex instincts brings the desire of life from the partnership among male and female. The modem family satisfies this instinct to a much greater degree than the traditional family. In the earlier traditional families the sexual act was almost always combined with reproduction and the fear of pregnancy and as a result prevented satisfaction. But in the modem family the invention of contraceptives and use of other birth control measures, places the concerned couple in a better position as it allows for satisfaction of sex instincts without fear of conception.
Production and rearing of children: The inevitable result of a sexual union is procreation. The task of race perpetuation has always been an important function of the family.
It is an institution par excellence for the production and rearing of children. The function of child rearing is better performed today than in the past because now more skill and knowledge are devoted to the care of the unborn and the newborn child.
Provision of a home: The desire for home is a powerful incentive for a man and a woman to marriage. Man after the hard toil of the day returns home where in the midst of his wife and children he sheds off his fatigue. Though in modem times there are many hotels and clubs which also provide recreation to man, but the joy a man gets within the congenial circle of his wife, parents and children stands far above the momentary pleasure which is provided by clubs and hotels. Inspite of these other recreative agencies, the home is still the heaven and sanctuary where its members find comfort and affection.
Non-essential functions The non- essential functions of a family are the following. Economic: The family serves as an economic unit. In the pre-industrial, tribal and agrarian societies unit of production is the family. All members of the family equally contribute to the family occupation, such as cultivation, craft, cottage-industry, cattle-rearing etc.
The family provides economic security to its members and looks after their primary needs such as food, security, clothing, shelter and also nurses them in unfavourable conditions. Religious: Family is a centre for the religious learning as the children learn from their parents various religious virtues.
The religious and moral training of children have always been bound with the home. Though formal religious education starts in the earliest years of schooling,the family still furnishes the matrix of religious idea, attitudes, and practices.
It is in the family that the basic notions of God, morality and salvation are acquired during childhood. Education: The child learns the first letter under the guidance of the parents.
The joint family was the center for vocational education as the children from the early childhood were associated with family tasks. The modem family has delegated the task of vocational education to technical institutes and colleges. Social: The family is an important unit of society. It imparts learning to the individual in those subjects that can make him become an ideal member of society.
Family carries out socialization of the individual. It also keeps the social heritage intact and hands it over to the generations to come. It is also an agency of social control.
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