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01.02.2021, adminThe ship foundered after sailing about 1, m 1, yd into her maiden voyage on 10 August She fell into obscurity after most of her valuable bronze cannon were salvaged in the 17th century, until she was located again in the late s in a busy shipping area in Stockholm harbor.
The ship was salvaged with a largely intact hull small boats sinking king The ship is one of Sweden's most popular tourist attractions and has been seen by over 35 million visitors since The ship was built on the orders of the King of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus as part of the military expansion he initiated in a war with Poland-Lithuania � She was constructed at the navy yard in Stockholm under a contract with private entrepreneurs in � and armed primarily with bronze cannons cast in Stockholm specifically for the ship.
Richly decorated as a symbol of the king's ambitions for Sweden and himself, upon completion she was one of the most powerfully armed vessels in the world. However, Vasa was dangerously unstable, with too much weight in the upper structure of the hull. Despite this lack of stability, she was ordered to sea and foundered only a few minutes after encountering a wind stronger than a breeze.
The order to sail was the result of a combination of factors. At the same time the king's subordinates lacked the political courage to openly discuss the ship's problems or to have the maiden voyage postponed.
An inquiry was organised by the Swedish Privy Council to find those responsible for the small boats sinking king, but in the end no one was punished. During the recovery, thousands of artifacts and the remains of at least 15 people were found in and around Vasa ' small boats sinking king hull by marine archaeologists.
Among the many items found were clothing, weapons, cannons, tools, coins, cutlery, food, small boats sinking king and six of the ten sails. The artifacts and the ship herself have provided scholars with invaluable insights into details of naval warfare, shipbuilding techniques and everyday life in early 17th-century Sweden.
Today Vasa is the world's best preserved 17th century ship and the most visited museum in Scandinavia. During the 17th century, Sweden went from small boats sinking king a sparsely populated, poor, and peripheral northern European kingdom of little influence to one of the major powers in continental politics. Between and it was the dominant power in the Used Small Cabin Boats For Sale 60th Balticeventually gaining territory that encompassed the Baltic on all sides.
This rise to prominence in international affairs and increase in military prowess, called stormaktstiden "age of greatness" or "great power period"was made possible by a succession of able monarchs and the establishment of a powerful centralised government, supporting a highly efficient military organization. Swedish historians have described this as one of the more extreme examples of an early modern state using almost all of its available resources to wage war; the small northern kingdom transformed itself into a fiscal-military state and one of the most militarised states in history.
Gustavus Adolphus � has been considered one of the most successful Swedish kings in terms of success in warfare. When Vasa was built, he had been in power for more than a decade.
Sweden was embroiled in a war with Poland-Lithuaniaand looked apprehensively at the development of the Thirty Years' War in present-day Germany. The war had been raging small boats sinking king and from a Protestant perspective it was not successful. The king's plans for a Polish campaign and for securing Sweden's interests required a strong naval presence in the Baltic. The navy suffered several severe setbacks during the s.
Ina squadron cruising in the Bay of Riga was caught in a storm and ten ships ran aground and were wrecked. In the Battle of Oliwa ina Swedish squadron was outmaneuvered and defeated by a Polish force and two large ships were lost. Tigern "The Tiger"which was the Swedish admiral's flagship, was captured by the Poles, and Solen "The Sun" was blown up by her own crew when it was boarded and nearly captured.
Inthree more large ships were lost in less than a month; Admiral Klas Fleming 's flagship Kristina was wrecked in a storm in the Gulf of DanzigRiksnyckeln "Key of the Realm" ran aground at Viksten in the southern archipelago of Stockholm and Vasa foundered on her maiden voyage. Gustavus Adolphus was engaged in naval warfare on several fronts, which further exacerbated the difficulties of the navy.
In addition to battling the Polish navy, the Swedes were indirectly threatened by Imperial forces that had invaded Jutland. The Swedish king had little sympathy for the Danish king, Christian IVand Denmark and Sweden had been bitter enemies for well over a century.
However, Sweden feared a Catholic conquest of Copenhagen and Zealand. This would have granted the Catholic powers control over the strategic passages between the Baltic Sea and the North Seawhich would be disastrous for Swedish interests. Until the early 17th century, the Swedish navy was composed primarily of small to medium-sized ships with a single gundeck, normally armed with pounder and smaller cannons; these ships were cheaper than larger ships and were well-suited for escort and patrol.
They also suited the prevailing tactical thinking within the navy, which emphasised boarding as the decisive moment in a naval battle rather than gunnery. The king, who was small boats sinking king keen artillerist, saw the potential small boats sinking king ships as gun platforms, and large, heavily armed ships made a more dramatic statement in the political theater of naval power. Beginning with Vasahe ordered a series of ships with two full gundecks, outfitted with much heavier small boats sinking king. These ships, especially Kronan and Scepterwere much more successful and served as flagships in the Swedish navy until the s.
The only significant difference between the design of Vasa and her sister ship was an increase in width of about a metre 3. On 16 JanuaryMaster Henrik and business partner Arendt de Groote signed a contract to build four ships, two with a keel of around feet 41 m and two smaller ones of feet 33 m.
As they prepared to begin the first of the new ships in the autumn ofHenrik corresponded with the king through Vice Admiral Klas Fleming about which ship to build. The small boats sinking king of ten ships in the Bay of Riga led the king to propose building two ships of a new, medium size as a small boats sinking king compromise, and he sent a small boats sinking king for this, a ship which would be feet Henrik declined, since he had already cut the timber for a large and a Small Boats Prepare To Fire Rounds Over Edges Of Lake King small ship.
He laid the keel for a larger ship in late February or early March He died in the small boats sinking king ofprobably about the same time as the ship was launched. After launching, work continued on finishing the upper deck, the sterncastle, the beakhead and the rigging.
Sweden had still not developed a sizeable sailcloth industry, and material had to be ordered from abroad. In the contract for the maintenance of small boats sinking king, French sailcloth was specified, but the cloth for the sails of Vasa most likely came from Holland.
The rigging was made entirely of hemp imported from Latvia through Riga. The king visited the shipyard in January and made what was probably his only visit aboard the ship. Thirty men ran back and small boats sinking king across the upper deck to start the ship rolling, but the admiral stopped the test after they had made only three trips, as he feared the ship would capsize.
Gustavus Adolphus had been sending a steady stream of letters insisting that the Boats Small For Sale 2019 ship put to sea as soon as possible. There has been much speculation about whether Vasa was lengthened during construction and whether an additional gun deck was added late during the build.
Little evidence suggests that Vasa was substantially modified after the keel was laid. Ships contemporary to Vasa that were elongated were cut in half and new timbers spliced between the existing sections, making the addition readily identifiable, but no such addition can be identified in the hull, nor small boats sinking king there any evidence for any late additions of a second gundeck.
The king ordered seventy-two pound guns for the ship on 5 Augustand this was too many to fit on a single gun deck. Since the king's order was issued less than five months after construction started, it would have come early enough for the second deck to be included in the design. The French Galion du Guisethe ship used as a model for Vasaaccording to Arendt de Groote, also had two gun decks.
Vasa was an early small boats sinking king of a warship with two full gun decks, and was Small Boats Sinking Education built when the theoretical principles of shipbuilding were still poorly understood.
There is no evidence that Henrik Hybertsson small boats sinking king ever built a ship like it before, and two gundecks is a much more complicated compromise between seaworthiness and firepower than a single gundeck. Safety margins at the time were also far below anything that would be acceptable today.
Combined with the fact that 17th-century warships were built with intentionally high superstructures to be used as firing platformsthis made Vasa a risky undertaking. Vasa was built during a time of transition in naval tactics, from an era when boarding was still one of the primary small boats sinking king of fighting enemy ships to an era of the strictly organised ship-of-the-line and a focus on victory through superior gunnery.
Vasa was armed with powerful guns and built small boats sinking king a high stern, which would act as a firing platform in boarding actions for some of the soldiers it was supposed to carry, but the high-sided hull and narrow upper deck small boats sinking king not optimised for boarding. It was neither the largest ship ever built, nor the one carrying the greatest number of guns.
What made her arguably the most powerful warship of the time was the combined weight of shot that could be fired from the cannon of one side: pounds kgexcluding stormstyckenguns used for firing anti-personnel ammunition instead of solid shot.
This was the largest concentration of artillery in a single warship in the Baltic at the time, perhaps in all small boats sinking king northern Europe, and it was not until small boats sinking king s that a ship with more firepower was built. This large amount of naval artillery was placed on a ship that was quite small relative to the armament carried.
By comparison, USS Constitutiona frigate built by the United States years after Vasahad roughly the same firepower, but was over tonnes heavier. The Constitutionhowever, belonged to a later era of naval warfare that employed the line of battle -tactic, where small boats sinking king fought in single file or line ahead while the group as a whole attempted to present the batteries of one side toward the enemy.
The guns would be aimed in the same direction and fire could be concentrated on a single target. In the 17th century, tactics involving organised formations of large fleets had still not been developed. Rather, ships would fight individually or in small improvised groups, and focused small boats sinking king boarding. Vasathough possessing a formidable battery, was built with these tactics in mind, and therefore lacked a unified broadside with guns that were all aimed in roughly the same direction.
Rather, the guns were intended to be fired independently and were arranged according to the curvature of the hull, meaning that the ship would be bristled with artillery in all directions, covering virtually all angles.
Naval gunnery in the 17th century was still in its infancy. Guns were expensive and had a much longer lifespan than any warship. Guns with a lifetime of over a century were small boats sinking king unheard of, while most warships would be used for only 15 to 20 years. In Sweden and many other European countries, a ship would normally not "own" its guns, but would be issued armament from the armory for every campaign season.
Ships were therefore usually fitted with guns of very small boats sinking king age and size. Small boats sinking king allowed Vasa to carry small boats sinking king much firepower was not merely that an unusually large number of guns were crammed into a relatively small ship, but also that the 46 main pounder guns were of a new and standardised lightweight design, cast in a single series at the state gun foundry in Stockholm, under the direction of the Swiss-born founder Medardus Gessus.
Two additional pounders, of a heavier and older design, were mounted in the bows, the so-called bow chasers. Four more heavy guns were intended for the stern, but the cannon foundry could not cast guns as fast as the navy yard could build ships, and Vasa waited nearly a year after construction was finished for its armament.
When the ship sailed in Augusteight of the planned armament of small boats sinking king guns had still not been delivered. Small boats sinking king cannons during this time had to be made from individually made moulds that could not be reused, but Vasa's guns had such uniform precision in their manufacturing that their primary dimensions varied by only a few millimetres, and their bores were almost exactly mm 5. The remaining armament of Vasa consisted of eight 3-pounders, six large caliber stormstycken similar to what the Small boats sinking king called howitzers for use during boarding actions, and two 1-pound falconets.
Also included on board were kilograms 1, lb of gunpowder and over 1, small boats sinking king of various types for the guns. As was small boats sinking king custom with warships at the time, parts of Vasa small boats sinking king decorated with sculptures. Residues of paint have been found on many sculptures and on other parts of small boats sinking king ship. The entire ornamentation was once painted in vivid colors.
The sides of the beakhead the protruding structure below the bowspritthe bulwarks the protective railing around the weather deckthe roofs of the quarter galleriesand the background of the transom the flat surface at the stern of the ship were all painted red, while the sculptures were decorated in bright colors, and the dazzling effect of these was in some places emphasised with gold leaf.
Vasa is an example not so much of the heavily gilded sculptures of early Baroque art but rather "the last gasps of the medieval sculpture tradition" with its fondness for gaudy colors, in a style that today would be considered extravagant or even vulgar. The sculptures are carved out of oakpine or lindenand many small boats sinking king the larger small boats sinking king, like the huge 3-metre 10 ft long figurehead lion, consist of several parts carved individually and fitted together with bolts.
Close to sculptures, most of which are concentrated on the high stern and its galleries and on the beakhead, are found on the ship.
On the transom are biblical and nationalistic symbols and images. A particularly popular motif is the lion, which can be found as mascarons originally fitted on the insides of the gunport doors, grasping the royal coat of arms on either side, the figurehead, and even clinging to the top of the rudder.
Each side of the beakhead originally had 20 figures though only 19 have actually been found that depicted Roman emperors from Tiberius to Septimius Severus.
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