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She has served as the flagship of Cunard Line since succeeding Queen Elizabeth 2 in The ship is also used for cruising, including an annual world cruise. She was designed by a team of British naval architects led by Stephen Payne , and was constructed in France by Chantiers de l'Atlantique.
At the time of her construction, Queen Mary 2 was the longest , at 1, She no longer holds these records after the construction of Royal Caribbean International 's , GT Freedom of the Seas a cruise ship in April , but remains the largest ocean liner ever built. Instead of the common diesel-electric configuration, Queen Mary 2 uses integrated electric propulsion to achieve her top speed. Diesel engines, augmented by gas turbines , are used to generate electricity for electric motors for propulsion and for on-board use.
Queen Mary 2' s facilities include fifteen restaurants and bars, five swimming pools, a casino, a ballroom, a theatre, and the first planetarium at sea. Queen Mary 2 is the flagship of Cunard Line.
She was constructed to replace the ageing Queen Elizabeth 2 , which was the Cunard flagship from to and the last major ocean liner built before Queen Mary 2. Queen Mary 2 is not a steamship like many of her predecessors, but is powered primarily by four diesel engines , with two additional gas turbines providing extra power when required; this integrated electric propulsion configuration is used to produce the power to drive her four electric propulsion pods as well as the ship's hotel services.
Like her predecessor Queen Elizabeth 2 she is built for crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and is also regularly used for cruising. In the winter season she cruises from New York to the Caribbean on twelve or thirteen day tours.
Cunard completed a design for a new class of 84, GT , 2, passenger liners on 8 June , but revised them upon comparing those specifications with Carnival Cruise Line 's , GT Destiny -class cruise ships and Royal Caribbean International 's , GT Voyager class. In December , Cunard released details of Project Queen Mary , the project to develop a liner that would complement Queen Elizabeth 2. The contract was finally signed with Chantiers de l'Atlantique, a subsidiary of Alstom , on 6 November Approximately 3, craftsmen spent around eight million working hours on the ship, and around 20, people were directly or indirectly involved in her design, construction, and fitting out.
In total, , pieces of steel were assembled into 94 "blocks" off the dry dock, which were then positioned and welded together to complete the hull and superstructure. The final stages of construction were marred by a fatal accident on 15 November , when a gangway collapsed under a group of shipyard workers and their relatives who had been invited to visit the vessel.
In total, 16 people were killed and another 32 people injured after a metre 49 ft fall into the drydock. Construction was completed on schedule. Queen Mary 2' s principal naval architect was Carnival 's in-house designer, Stephen Payne. These include the three thick black lines known as " hands that wrap around either edge of the ship's bridge screen, and at the stern end of the superstructure, which are to recall the appearance of the crossovers of the forward decks on the first Queen Mary.
Queen Mary 2 has 14, square metres , sq ft of exterior deck space, with wind screens to shield passengers in rough seas. The ship was originally constructed with five swimming pools. However, the shallow "Splash Pool" on Deck 13 was removed during the ship's refurbishment to make room for additional staterooms.
Two of her remaining four swimming pools are outdoors. The Pavilion Pool on Deck 12 is covered with a retractable magrodome. This passes behind the bridge screen and allows passengers to circumnavigate the deck while protected from the winds; one circuit is m 2, ft long.
The flanking promenades are created by the need to step the superstructure to allow space for lifeboats. By SOLAS standards, these should have been lower on the hull 15 m 49 ft above the waterline , but for the sake of appearance as well as to avoid the danger of large waves damaging the boats, Payne convinced SOLAS officials to exempt Queen Mary 2 from this requirement, and the boats are 25 m 82 ft above the waterline. Payne's original intention was for a stern profile with a spoon shape, similar to most previous liners, but the mounting of the propeller pods required a flat transom.
The compromise was a Costanzi stern � a combination of the two, which provides the transom required for azimuthal pod propulsors and has better seaholding characteristics in a following swell. While of a design similar to that of Queen Elizabeth 2 , Queen Mary 2' s funnel has a slightly different shape, because a taller funnel would have made it impossible for the ship to pass under the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City at high tide.
The final design permits a minimum of 13 feet 4. As Queen Mary 2 is too large to dock in many ports, passengers are often ferried to and from the ship in tenders , which can also be used as lifeboats. These are stored at sea in davits alongside the lifeboats. To transport passengers ashore the tenders pull up to one of four loading stations, each of which has a large hull door that opens hydraulically to form a boarding platform, complete with railings and decking.
Queen Mary 2 is a post-Panamax ship, too wide to use the Panama Canal before its expansion in As a result, she had to circumnavigate South America to transit between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The decision not to constrain her width to transit the Panama Canal was taken as Queen Elizabeth 2 only transited once a year, during the world cruise.
Cunard decided to pass up the convenience of the occasional passage in favour of a greater passenger capacity. As is the case with many modern passenger ships, many of the major public rooms on board Queen Mary 2 are on the lowest public decks of the ship, with the passenger cabins stacked above. Deck 2, the lowest passenger deck, contains the Illuminations theatre, cinema and planetarium the first at sea ; [32] Royal Court Theatre; Grand Lobby; "Empire Casino"; "Golden Lion Pub"; and the lower level of the "Britannia Restaurant".
Also on Deck 8 is a large outdoor pool and terrace at the stern. They can accommodate up to twenty two dogs the kennels will also take cats in small and large cages.
The King's Court area on the ship is open twenty four hours a day, serving as a buffet restaurant for breakfast and lunch. The overall space is divided into quarters, with each section decorated according to the theme of the four separate alternate dining venues that are "created" each evening through lighting, tableware, and menus: Lotus, which specialises in Asian cuisine ; the Carvery, a British style grille; La Piazza, with Italian food ; and the Chef's Galley, which offers an interactive experience to food preparation.
The passengers' dining arrangements on board are dictated by the type of accommodation in which they choose to travel. However, passengers can choose to upgrade to either a "junior suite", and dine in the "Princess Grill"', or a suite, and dine in the "Queens' Grill".
However, all other public areas can be used by all passengers. As the Britannia Restaurant takes up the full width of the ship on two decks, a 'tween deck, called Deck 3L, was devised to allow passengers to walk from the Grand Lobby to the Queen's Room without traversing the dining room mid-meal.
The deck consists of two corridors that run beneath the upper balcony of the restaurant on Deck 3, and above the main dining area on Deck 2. This is why the balcony of the Britannia has tiers that step up towards the hull. This arrangement is illustrated on the hull where there is a stack of three rows of windows in the area where the main restaurant sits, the two upper and lower most rows illuminate the dining room, while the centre row serves Deck 3L. There is a similar arrangement through the Royal Court Theatre.
As well, the passages that run on either side of Illuminations on Deck 3 ramp upwards to compensate for the change in deck elevation between the entrance to Illuminations and an elevator bank forward of the room. More than 5, commissioned works of art are visible in Queen Mary 2' s public rooms, corridors, staterooms and lobbies, having been created by artists from sixteen countries.
The propulsors are Rolls-Royce Mermaid azimuth thruster type podded propulsion units , [45] [46] each with one forward-facing low-vibration propeller with separately bolted blades. These allow the ship to turn in its own length while in port, to conduct more complex docking manoeuvres. Unusually, Queen Mary 2' s gas turbines are not housed along with her diesels in the engine room deep in her hull, but instead are in a soundproofed enclosure directly beneath the funnel.
This arrangement allowed the vessel's designers to supply the oxygen-hungry turbines with air intakes without having to run air ducts the height of the ship, which would have wasted valuable interior space. Queen Mary 2 has a fully integrated bridge system designed by British firm Kelvin Hughes , which controls the ship's navigation systems, radar, dynamic positioning system, and engine monitoring system.
Fresh water aboard Queen Mary 2 is supplied by three seawater desalination plants. The plants, each with a capacity of , litres , US gal per day, use multiple effect plate MEP distillation technology. The plants' energy is supplied primarily by steam and cooling water from the ship's gas turbines and diesel engines, or if needed by steam from the ship's two oil-fired boilers.
The traditional multiple-effect distillation technology has been improved for the ship's plant, so that scaling of plates is reduced, vastly reducing maintenance required.
The desalinated water has a very low salt content of less than five parts per million. Average total water production is 1,, litres , US gal per day with a capacity of 1,, litres , US gal so that there is ample spare capacity.
The ship could easily be supplied by only two of the three plants. In that case steam from oil-fired boilers is used to heat the sea water. This is uneconomical as generating steam is expensive. It may be cheaper, therefore, to buy water in a particular port than to produce it on board.
The seawater intakes are located in the hull of the ship. Concentrated salt solution brine is discharged to the sea closer to the ship's stern together with cooling water from the engines. When designing Queen Mary 2 , the designers considered that tighter environmental regulations would be implemented while the ship was in service, such as energy efficiency, the reuse of treated wastewater for non-potable uses and zero discharge of solid waste into the sea.
It discharges waste into the sea only in areas more than 12 nmi 14 mi from any coast, even though MARPOL allows discharge of treated organic waste and treated bilge water closer to the shore. Discharges of potentially harmful substances, in particular the residual oil content of treated bilge water and air emissions, are monitored regularly to ensure compliance with environmental standards.
According to the carbon offset company Climate Care , passenger ships release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per passenger mile than long haul flights. Cunard attempted to reduce the carbon footprint of Queen Mary 2 by improving engine efficiency and reducing friction while the ship is in motion.
In November , the ship was given a refit in Hamburg , part of which involved the repainting of the hull in paint which is designed to reduce drag and improve fuel economy. She was under the command of captain Ronald Warwick, who had previously commanded Queen Elizabeth 2.
Warwick is the son of William Bill Warwick, who had also been a senior Cunard officer and the first captain of Queen Elizabeth 2. The ship returned to Southampton late from her maiden voyage after bow doors covering the thrusters failed to shut in Portugal. Bush , and the United States Olympic men's basketball team. One transatlantic crossing saw Queen Mary 2 carrying, in a locked steamer trunk, the first United States copy of J.
In a promotional press release for the event, Cunard said that this marked the first time a book had been transported to its international launch aboard an ocean liner.
Upon departure from Fort Lauderdale, one of her propeller pods was damaged when it struck a channel wall, forcing the ship to sail at a reduced speed, which resulted in Commodore Warwick's decision to skip several calls on its voyage to Rio de Janeiro. Many of her passengers threatened to stage a sit-in protest because of the missed calls, before Cunard offered to refund the voyage costs.
Queen Mary 2 continued to operate at a reduced service speed and several itinerary changes were necessary until repairs had been completed after the ship returned to Europe in June, where Queen Mary 2 paid a visit to dry dock and the damaged propeller pod was unseated. At the same time, sprinkler systems were installed in all of the vessel's balconies to comply with new safety regulations which had come into effect since the MS Star Princess fire.
Additionally, both bridge wings were extended by two metres to improve visibility. Escorted by a flotilla of smaller ships, the two Queens exchanged a "whistle salute" which was heard throughout the city of Long Beach. This marked the first time three Cunard Queens have been present in the same location.
Cunard stated this would be the last time these three ships would ever meet, [63] due to Queen Elizabeth 2' s impending retirement from service in late On 3 August three men were stopped by police while escorting and piloting a replica of the first American combat submarine within feet 61 m of Queen Mary 2 , which was docked at the cruise ship terminal in Red Hook, Brooklyn. The replica was created by New York artist Philip "Duke" Riley and two out-of-town residents, one of whom claimed to be a descendant of David Bushnell , who had invented it.
The Coast Guard issued Riley a citation for having an unsafe vessel, and for violating the security zone around Queen Mary 2. This marked the first time in its year history that Cunard has not had a ship registered within the UK.
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