Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 5 Ncert Solutions System,Wooden Modular Kitchen Price In Australia,Sailing Delos Boat Weight - Step 3
17.06.2021, adminChemisorption is highly solutoons in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Like physisorption, chemisorption also increases with an increase in the surface area of the adsorbent.
Physisorption is exothermic in nature. This means that physisorption occurs class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system readily at a lower temperature. Powdered substances are more class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system adsorbents than their ncdrt forms because when a substance is powdered, its surface area increases and physisorption is directly proportional to the surface area of the adsorbent.
Substances that act as catalysts in the same reaction in which they are obtained as products are known as autocatalysts. The role of desorption in the process of catalysis is to make the surface of the solid catalyst free for the fresh adsorption of the reactants on the surface.
This law takes into consideration only systtem charge carried by an ion, not its size. The smaller the size of an ion, the more will be its polarising power. Thus, Hardy-Schulze law can be modified in terms of the polarising power of the flocculating ion. When a substance gets precipitated, some ions that combine to form the precipitate get adsorbed on the surface of the precipitate. Therefore, it becomes important to wash the precipitate before estimating it quantitatively in order to remove these adsorbed ions or other such impurities.
Adsorption is a surface phenomenon of accumulation of molecules of a substance at the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid or liquid. Here, the concentration of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent increases.
In adsorption, the substance gets concentrated at the surface. It does not penetrate through the surface to the bulk of the solid or liquid. For example, when we dip a chalk stick into an class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system solution, only its surface becomes coloured. Class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system we break the chalk stick, it will be found to be white from inside.
On the other hand, the process of absorption is a bulk phenomenon. In absorption, the substance gets uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of the solid or liquid.
Adsorption is a surface phenomenon. Therefore, adsorption is chemistrj proportional to the surface area. A finely divided substance has a large surface area. Both physisorption and chemisorption increase with an increase in the surface area. Hence, a finely divided substance behaves as a good adsorbent. Easily liquefiable gases such as NH3, HCl. The greater the surface area of the adsorbent, the greater is the adsorption of a gas on the solid cass.
Adsorption is an exothermic process. This can be done by breaking it into smaller pieces or powdering it. For dystem, wood charcoal is activated by heating it between K and K in vacuum or air. It expels all the gases absorbed solutikns adsorbed and thus, creates a space for adsorption of gases.
A catalytic process claas which the catalyst and the reactants are present in different phases is known as a heterogeneous catalysis. This heterogeneous catalytic action can be explained in terms of the adsorption theory. The mechanism of catalysis involves the following steps:. In this process, class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system reactants are usually present in the gaseous state and the catalyst is present in the solid state.
Gaseous molecules are then adsorbed solution the surface of the catalyst. As the chemistdy of reactants on the surface of the catalyst increases, the rate of chdmistry also increases. In such reactions, the products have very less affinity for the catalyst and are quickly desorbed, thereby making the surface free for other reactants.
This causes a decrease in the surface energy of the adsorbent. Therefore, adsorption is always exothermic. Now for a process to be spontaneous, AG should be negative. Hence, adsorption is always exothermic. How are the colloidal solutions classified on the basis dlass physical states of the chemistr phase and dispersion medium?
One criterion for classifying colloids is the physical state of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Depending upon the type of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium sywtem, liquid, or gasthere can be eight types of colloidal systems. What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols?
Give one example of each type. Why are hydrophobic sols easily coagulated? Colloidal sols that are formed by mixing substances such as gum, gelatin, starch.
These sols are reversible in nature i. When substances such as metals and their sulphides. Their colloidal sols can be prepared only by special methods. Such sols are called lyophobic sols. These sols are irreversible in nature. For example: sols of metals. Now, the stability of hydrophilic sols depends on two things- the presence of a charge calss the salvation of colloidal particles.
On the other hand, the stability of hydrophobic sols is only because of the presence of a charge. Therefore, the latter class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system much less stable than the. If the charge of hydrophobic sols is removed by addition of electrolytesthen the particles present in them come closer and form aggregates, leading to precipitation. What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular colloids?
Give one 10tj of. How are associated colloids different from these two types of colloids? Examples of such colloids include gold sol and sulphur sol.
These particles have nceft high molecular mass. When these particles are dissolved in a liquid, sol is obtained. For example: starch, nylon, cellulose. However, at higher concentrations, these substances behave as colloidal solutions due to the formation of aggregated particles.
Such colloids are called aggregated colloids. Enzymes are basically chemistryy molecules of high molecular masses. These form colloidal solutions when dissolved in water.
These are complex, nitrogenous organic compounds produced by living plants and animals. The reactant molecules having a complementary shape fit into the cavities just like a key ststem into a lock.
This leads to the formation of an activated complex. This complex then decomposes to give the product. Depending on whether the components are solids, liquids, or gases, we can have eight types of colloids. Chemmistry is known as the Tyndall effect. This scattering of light illuminates the path of the beam in the colloidal solution. Particles of ferric oxide sol are positively charged. Thus, they get coagulated hcert the presence of negatively charged Cl- ions.
The dispersion medium carries an equal and opposite charge. This makes the whole system neutral. Under the influence of an electric current, the colloidal particles move towards the oppositely charged electrode.
When they come in contact with the electrode, they lose their charge and coagulate. The colloidal solution in which both the dispersed phase and dispersion medium cpass liquids is called an emulsion. Here, oil is the dispersed phase while water class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system the dispersion medium. For example: milk, vanishing cream.
Here, water is the dispersed phase while oil is the dispersion medium. For example: cold cream, butter, sysyem. The process of decomposition of an emulsion into its constituent liquids is called demulsification. Examples of demulsifiers are surfactants, ethylene oxide.
The cleansing action of soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation. The end of the molecule to which the sodium cyemistry attached is polar in nature, while the alkyl-end is non-polar. Thus, a soap molecule contains a hydrophilic polar and a hydrophobic nonpolar. When soap is added to water containing dirt, the soap molecules clase the dirt particles in such a manner that their hydrophobic class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions system get attached to the dirt molecule and the hydrophilic parts point away from the dirt molecule.
This is known as micelle formation. Dolutions, we can say that the polar group dissolves in water while the non-polar group dissolves in the dirt particle. Now, as these micelles are negatively charged, they do not coalesce and a stable emulsion is formed.
In this reaction, Pt acts as a catalyst.
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Concept insight: Recall that Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of 3 unknown elements which he had named as eka-boron, eka-aluminium and eka-silicon. Eka-boron was later named as scandium, eka-aluminium as gallium and eka-silicon as germanium. The atoms of all the three elements lithium, sodium, and potassium have one electron in their outermost shell.
Helium has a duplet in its K shell, while neon has an octet in its L shell. Concept Insight: The students must learn the names of first 20 elements of the modern periodic table along with their atomic number. Among the first ten elements, lithium Li and beryllium Be are metals.
Concept Insight: The key to answering this question lies in fact that metals are present ususally on the left hand side of the Modern periodic table whereas non-metals are present on the right hand side of the Modern Periodic Table. Galium Ga Concept Insight: The key to answering this question lies in fact that metals are present ususally on the left hand side of the Modern periodic table whereas non-metals are present on the right hand side of the Modern Periodic Table.
Also, remember that as we move down a group, metallic character increases. Concept Insight: The students should remember that on moving from left to right across the periods of the periodic table, the non-metallic character increases. Hence, the tendency to lose electrons decreases. Concept Insight: Recall that valency of Chlorine is 1, therefore we can deduce from the formula XCl 2 that the valency of X is 2.
Since valency of magnesium is also 2, thus X and Mg belong to same group. Hence, they all have valency equal to 3. Hence, they all have valency equal to 1. Concept Insight: Recall that elements of same group have same number of valence electrons and hence the same valency.
The atomic number of this element is Concept Insight: The key to answering this question lies in fact that elements with same number of valence electrons belong to the same group and have similar chemical properties. In the Modern Periodic Table, atoms with similar electronic configurations are placed in the same group.
In a group, the number of valence electrons remains the same. Elements across a period show an increase in the number of valence electrons in the same shell. Concept insight: The students should remember that from the group of an element we can find out the number of valence electrons Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 1 Text while from the period we can deduce the number of shells present in atom.
The elements with atomic number 12 and 38 have same chemical properties as that of calcium. This is because both of them have same number of valence electrons 2 as calcium.
Concept insight: While answering this kind of a question the students should write the electronic configuration of all elements given in the question. Atomic number K, L, M, N, O 12 2,8,2 19 2,8,8,1 21 2,8,8,3 38 2,8,18,8,2 Since elements with same number of valence electron shave similar properties, the elements which have 2 valence electrons will have physical and chemical properties resembling that of calcium.
Mendeleev's Periodic Table Modern periodic Table 1. Elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses. Elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic numbers. There are a total of 7 groups columns and 6 periods rows. There are a total of 18 groups columns and 7 periods rows.
The position of hydrogen could not be explained. Hydrogen is placed above alkali metals as it has one valence electron. No distinguishing positions for metals and non-metals was assigned.
By referring to the 5 Science class 10 solutions available for NCERT, the students are able to avail a simpler procedure of learning. It consists of various to the point question and answers, followed by proper explanations of different subtopics.
This solution is what students can avail when they are trying to comprehend the basic concept behind this chapter. This primary knowledge will prove to be useful when a student moves on towards later years of their education. To understand chemistry as a subject, having a clear concept about elements on the periodic table is necessary.
In this segment of chapter 5 science Class 10, students will learn how elements were classified in the periodic table based on their properties. These elements were segregated from one another on the basis of whether they were gases, metals or non-metals. A German chemist, known to all as Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, had attempted to group elements based on their properties.
Formation of these groups was known as triads. In this section of the periodic classification of elements in Class 10 solutions, learn about how in this table, every eighth element displays properties that are similar to the first one. This law may appear in the examination so students will need to memorise it thoroughly. In this section of the periodic classification of elements of class 10 NCERT solutions, an introduction to Mendeleev's periodic table has been provided.
In this table, elements were arranged, based on their increasing atomic masses. This periodic table present in Class 10 Science Chapter 5 NCERT solutions was able to predict the existence of certain elements that back then had not been discovered back then. Describe Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Solution: Adsorption isotherm represents the variation of the mass of the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent with pressure at constant temperature.
Freundlich Adsorption isotherm: Freundlich, in , gave an empirical relationship between the quantity, of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent and pressure at a particular temperature. The relationship is generally represented in the form of a curve where mass of the gas adsorbed per gram by the adsorbent is plotted against pressure. These curves indicate that at a fixed pressure, there is a decrease in physical adsorption with increase in temperature.
These curves always seem to approach saturation at high pressure. Taking log of equation i , we get. What do you understand by activation of adsorbent? How is it achieved? Solution: Activation of adsorbent implies increasing its adsorbing power. This is achieved by increasing the surface area and also the number of pores and vacant sites active centres per unit area. The activation can be achieved in a number of ways. What role does adsorption play in heterogeneous catalysis?
Solution: In heterogenous catalysis, generally the reactants are gaseous whereas catalyst is a solid. The reactant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the solid catalyst by physical adsorption or chemisorption. As a result, the concentration of the reactant molecules on the surface increases further leading to increase in rate of reaction.
Alternatively, one of the reactant molecules undergoes fragmentation on the surface of the solid catalyst producing active species which react faster. The product molecules in either case have no affinity for the solid catalyst and are deadsorbed making the surface free for fresh adsorption.
Why is adsorption always exothermic? Solution: When a gas is adsorbed on the surface of a solid, its entropy decreases, i. How are the colloidal solutions classified on the basis of physical states of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium? Solution: Colloids can be classified into eight types depending upon the physical state of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Discuss the effect of pressure and temperature on the adsorption of gases on solids.
What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example in each case. Solution: Lyophilic colloids: The colloidal solution in which the particles of the dispersed phase have a great affinity or love for the dispersion medium, are called lyophilic colloids.
Such solutions are easily formed the moment the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium come in direct contact. Lyophobic colloids: The colloidal solutions in which the particles of the dispersed phase have no affinity or love, rather have hatred for the dispersion medium, are called lyophobic colloids. What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular colloids?
How a re associated colloids different from these two types of colloids? Solution: Comparison of some important characteristic of multimolecular, macromolecular and associated colloids. What are enzymes? Write in brief the mechanism of enzyme catalysis. Solution: Enzymes are complex nitrogenous organic compounds which act as a biological catalysts and increase the rate of cellular processes. According to the lock and key model, like every lock has a specific key, similarly every enzyme acts as a specific substrate.
When the substrate fits the active site lock of the enzyme, the chemical change begins. But it has also been noticed that enzyme changes shape, when substrate lands at the active site. This induced-fit model of enzyme action pictures the substrate inducing the active site to adopt a perfect fit, rather than a rigid shaped lock and key.
Therefore, the new model for enzyme action is called induced fit model. How are colloids classified on the basis of i physical states of components ii nature of dispersed phase and iii interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium?
Solution: i Colloids can be classified into eight types depending upon the physical state of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.
For Example: gold sol, sulphur sol etc. Example: proteins, starch and cellulose form macromolecular colloids. Such substances are also referred to as associated colloids.
These sols are quite stable because of the strong attractive forces between the particles of dispersed phase and dispersion medium. These sols are less stable than the lyophilic sols. Explain what is observed when : i a beam of light is passed through colloidal sol ii an electrolyte NaCl is added to ferric hydroxide sol iii electric current is passed through a colloidal sol? Delhi , ; Outside Delhi, , Solution: i The path of light as well as the colloidal particles become visible because of Tyndall effect.
When a beam of light is passed through a true solution, no scattering of light takes place. When the same beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, scattering of light takes place.
The visibility of dust particles in a semi darkened room, when a beam of sunlight enters or when a beam of light is thrown from a projector, are familiar examples of this scattering. As a result, they get coagulated. What are emulsions? What are their different types? Give example of each type. Solution: Emulsions: It is a colloidal system in which both the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquids, e. Types of emulsions: a Oil-in-water type in which small droplets of an oil are dispersed in water, e.
How do emulsifires stabilise emulsion? Name two emulsifiers.
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