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You can make a template of the curved area that is tapered by tracing the bottom of frames 25 through 28 shown on the Frame Plan drawing. The frames will attach to the side of the deadwood later on, so the deadwood must be flat and perpendicular to the keel in the area where the frames attach. However, the area below the frames should be tapered so that the recessed lip formed by the deadwood is the same width from end to end.
This is all part of the rabbet joint where the planking would lie against the frames and deadwood. If you look at the 5th photo, you can see that the rabbet joint also extends upward across the deadwood where it is attached to the sternpost. The shape goes from an "L" shape at the corner of the keel and sternpost, to a "U" shape as it extends upward across the deadwood to the top of the sternpost.
The sternpost helps to form the rabbet joint just as the fore deadwood did at the bow. Keep in mind that the purpose of the rabbet joint is to enable the planking to form a water tight seal where it meets the keel, fore deadwood, and stern deadwood. The last photo shows the keel fully assembled. A contrasting piece of wood has been glued to the bottom of the keel serving as the false keel. I like to use a contrasting wood for the false keel because it just gives the structure some class.
Cant frames are actually half frames. Instead of sitting on top of the keel as the full frames do, cant frames attach to the side of the fore deadwood at the bow and the side of the deadwood at the stern. Wood needed for this step: 22 24" x 1" x. Making the cant frames is not much different than making the full frames. You start with a frame blank that is two layers thick. These layers have two pieces each with staggered joints as shown in the 1st photo. After the parts are cut out, the layers are glued up separately.
Then the 2 layers are glued together as shown in the 2nd photo. And finally, the frame pattern is glued to the frame blank and cut out on the scroll saw. Of course you need a left side and a right side frame as shown in the 3rd and 4th photos. Be sure to number each frame as many of them are similar in shape. The frames are finished in the same manner as before. You might wonder why I finish the frames now when they have to be sanded later to fair the hull out. I put a finish on my frames before assembly for two reasons.
First, it will be more difficult to apply the finish once the frames are in the building jig because there's only a small space between each frame. Second, the finish helps in the fairing process by showing any areas that have not been completely sanded. After fairing the sanding and smoothing out of the hull surface , the finish on the surface of the frames is gone and must be reapplied.
However, applying the finish to the hull surface is much easier than applying it between each frame. We're almost ready to start assembling our model. But before we can do that, we need to construct the building jig.
As I mentioned earlier, the jig is needed to hold the framework together and in proper alignment. The jig style is commonly referred to as the "Hahn" style jig. Wood needed for this step: 1 24" x 12" x.
Most hobby shops and craft stores sell this plywood made by Midwest. The ZIP file you downloaded includes a drawing of the jig. The center area must be cut out with a scroll saw. The notches in the center of the jig will hold the frames in alignment until the hull has been faired and planked.
The notches are cut in the thicker piece of plywood first. Use the drawing with the file name "Building Jig". There are 3 parts to this drawing that you will need to print out. They each have an alignment black line for aligning one with the other. The 2nd piece, shown in the 1st photo, does not have any notches cut into it, but the center area is still cut and removed.
This piece is glued to the underside of the thicker piece and serves as a shelf for the frames to sit on when they are glued into the jig. Use the drawing with the file name "Building Jig Shelf" as a template to cut the center out. The pine or poplar wood strips are used to build a frame around the jig thus providing a good stiff edge that will help to make the jig rigid. By raising the surface of the jig up off of the work table surface, you won't have to worry about accidentally gluing the jig to the table surface when you start gluing the frames into the notches in the next step of these instructions.
You can use a regular table saw with a finishing blade to cut the plywood in half. The loss of a little bit of wood due to the kerf of the blade will be okay. Just be sure to align the center line of the drawing with one edge of the wood when you cut the center area out on the scroll saw. The drawing is be rubber cemented to the plywood for cutting on the scroll saw. The drawing is not as wides as the plywood.
Cut the drawing down the center line and align the center line with the edge of the plywood. Align the forward end with the forward edge and the aft end with the aft edge. Then you can cut out the center notched area on the scroll saw. The reason I had you cut the plywood in half was to make it easier to cut the notches. One edge of the plywood is used to align the center line of the jig pattern.
After the notches are cut out according to the Jig drawing, the two pieces are butted together and glued. Then cut the center area out on the scroll saw. Be sure to cut on the inside line, that is, the line inside the center line. The second, parallel line, is merely there for reference. That area outlined by the two lines will form the shelf that the frames will sit on. By sandwiching the two layers of plywood together, you have the completed jig.
You can see how I used small clamps to glue the two layers together as well as the jig base parts. The outside edges of the shelf piece will have to be trimmed to fit inside the pine or poplar boards that form the base of the jig. There is one additional set of parts I make for my jigs that clamp the stem of the keel and the sternpost in position over the building jig. It's simple to make and the photos show how it's made and how it's used. Theses clamps do not get glued however.
By design, they are screwed to the jig base so that they can be removed easily later on. Once the keel has been clamped into the jig, it is being held in alignment on the center line by these clamping pieces.
These clamping pieces are made from poplar. They are 6" x 6". A 1" tab at the bottom enables these pieces to be screwed to the base of the jig surface so that they can be removed later on. You will need the drawings labeled "Keel Clamp Fore. Make two each. Pre drill the holes in the tab so that the wood does not split when you screw them to the jig surface. You will notice that the inside vertical edge is notched. When the two piece are put together, this notch is at the precise height to allow the stem at the fore end and the sternpost at the aft end sit on top of the tab.
These clamps hold the keel centered over the building jig so that when the frames are inserted into their respective notches in the jig, the notch in the center of the frame will fit into the notch in the keel. This is all by design and will enable you to frame the model with assurance that the framework is perpendicular and square to the keel thus producing a very straight and fair model.
In the next step, you will add the full frames to the building jig. Now you're ready to start framing your model. This will be a two step process. First all of the full frames will be installed in the jig and glued to the keel. The second step will be to add the cant frames at the bow and stern and finish the hull by fairing it out with sandpaper. The sequence of photos shows the installation of the frames in the building jig.
I like to start by installing the first and last full frames and then fill in the area between them. The reason is that the first and last frame will then provide the support of the keel at both ends while the other frames are being added. The frames are glued into their corresponding jig notches using 5 minute epoxy.
The epoxy is also used to glue the frames to the keel. Now you can see how the bottom of the frames meet the rabbet joint. Imagine how a plank laying across the frames will fit into this joint thus providing a good seal to keep water out. Technically, if you planked the entire hull of this model, it would float in water without leaks, assuming your planks were also sealed with glue on their edges.
I used mini-clamps to clamp the frames in the jig until the epoxy dries. Only mix enough epoxy to glue one or two frames into the jig at a time.
It sets up fast so you have to work fast, but once you get the hang of it you will get into a rhythm. Since there are only 23 full frames in this model, it can be fully framed easily in a couple of hours. Don't take those clamps off until the glue has set up though.
In the next step, the cant frames will be added. Have fun! As I mentioned earlier, the cant frames are half frames, and they get glued directly to the sides of the fore deadwood at the bow and the deadwood at the stern.
They are epoxied into the jig and to the deadwood. Starting at the bow, the first photo shows 2 of the cant frames glued to the side of the deadwood. Notice that the frames sit on an angle. That means that the foot of the frame has to be beveled at the proper angle for the frame to sit properly in the jig. Fortunately I included this bevel line on the cant frame drawings. The bevel is trimmed from the line of the top surface, outward to the edge of the bottom surface.
I've included photos of the forward most cant frame that clearly shows what the bevel looks like as well as a few more photos showing the cant frames at the bow. Also,notice that each bow cant frame is butted up against the previous frame installed. You will need to use a 22 Xacto to cut the bevel.
You should also scratch the surface of the deadwood with your Xacto to rough it up some and remove some of the finish on it before you epoxy the frame to the deadwood.
The bevel in the forward cant frames gets greater and greater until you reach frame 34 which has Model Ship Building Plans Pdf Code the bevel across the entire length of the frame. Any portion of the frame that extends into the rabbet joint should be trimmed after the epoxy has set so that the frames produce a smooth and continuous line across the top edge of the rabbet line.
The aft cant frames are different than the bow frames in that they do not but up against each other. So a pattern is employed taken from the Frame Plan drawing to mark the location of each frame. The aft cant frames do not have as pronounced of a bevel cut into the foot of the frame either. The remaining sequence of photos should explain how these frames are glued. Once all of the frames are installed, as shown in the last photo, the clamps at the bow and stern are removed by simply removing the screws.
This gives you easy access to the entire hull when faring it out. But before the hull can be faired, the stern transom must be framed. We'll cover the process in the next step of these instructions. Framing the stern transom might be the most difficult part of the model to build. The stern transom is the aft end of the ship. On ships of a later time period, the transom became more and more complex.
Wood needed for this step: 1 5" x. The 1st photo shows the framed transom. In the 2nd photo you see a piece of wood with some rectangles drawn on it.
This is called the "wing transom", and every ship had one. Use the template with the file name "Wing Transom. The template can be rubber cemented to the piece of wood if you like. It's probably easiest to simply cut the piece to shape using your Xacto and a 22 blade. The rectangles are going to be cut into notches that the transom frames will sit in. The transom frame shape is also on the same template file as the wing transom. You will need to make 6 of these frames so print out 6 copies of the template and rubber cement each one on the piece of transom frame wood.
Cut them out on your scroll saw. The notches in the wing transom are cut using a hobby knife as shown in the next 3 photos. You can see the depth of these notches.
By setting your calipers to this depth, you can mark a line across the aft edge of the wing transom, and cut the notches to the line. The wing transom is installed so that it sits on top of the sternpost. It has a notch cut in the center on the bottom surface. Keep in mind that the model is upside down, so even though it looks like the wing transom is under the sternpost, technically the wing transom is sitting on top of the sternpost. When installing the wing transom, use carpenter's glue to attach it to the sternpost and the aft side of the last cant frame.
The angled edge should match the angle of that cant frame. The trick is to be sure that it is level and that a measurement of height on both sides is the same. This can be seen in photos 5, 6 and 7. In photos 7 through 14, you can see how additional timbers are added below the wing transom based on the ship sitting upright.
Those timbers are called transoms also and act as fillers for the planking to lay against. All ships had these filler timbers.
They helped to fill in the lower stern area. Use the transom wood strip to cut these pieces out making them slightly wider than the frame as shown in the photos. They are spaced. These pieces butt up against the sternpost and are glued to the post and to the aft side of the last frame in the model.
Photos 7 through 14 show how these timbers are installed and eventually sanded to finish off the lower stern area of the model. Photos 15 through 21 show the transom frames installed. These fit into the notches made earlier in the wing transom.
They not only give the aft end of the ship a framework but also serve to frame the windows of the great cabin. The great cabin, found on most wooden ships of this size or larger, was the Captain's quarters. In later years, it became a pretty elaborate room with all kinds of amenities. The spacing of the notches in the top surface of the wing transom is such that the transom frames have the same amount of space between them.
The transom frames fit into these notches and sit on top of the surface of the framing jig. They angle inward slightly and a piece of scrap wood acts as a stop pushing against the outside edges of the frames.
Glue the frames to the wing transom but do not glue them to the jig surface. You can tack glue the scrap piece of wood to the jig surface. Stretching across the transom frames is a horizontal timber. This piece is called the lower counter frame and fits across the knuckle of the transom frames.
Make it longer than is needed and then cut off the excess wood after it has been installed. A scale drawing of the stern of the model is provided in your ZIP file which may help in taking measurements for locating parts. It is called "Aft Drawing. Notches are cut into the counter frame at each transom frame location so that it will fit flush with the outside surface of the transom frames. Corresponding notches were also cut into each transom frame. The area between this timber and the wing transom forms what is called the counter, which is later planked leaving an opening for the rudder.
Photos 28, 29 and 30 show the attachment of a second cross timber I call the deck line frame. This cross timber meets the deck clamp that stretches from one end of the deck to the other which will be covered in a later step. Notice that the deck line frame has a slight curvature to it. It was not bent this way but instead cut from the wood strip.
You should refer to the drawing with the file name "Aft Drawing. Then transfer that measurement to your model to mark the location of the timber. To make this timber, first cut the strip of wood to length leaving a slight overhang on each side. Then shape the curvature in two dimensions as shown in the photo.
Notches are cut in it to fit over the transom frames. Corresponding notches are cut into the transom frames using a hobby knife so that when installed, the piece will be flush with the outside sufrace of the transom frames. Everything is sanded smooth after installation. We're almost finished now. In the next series of photos for this step, you see a template used that was taken from the Frame Plan drawing of the profile of the model.
This template helps to locate a horizontal timber I call the filling frame cross timber that will help close in the gap between the last frame of the ship and the outer most transom frame. This timber is shown on your Frame Plan drawing in the same color as the frames and may be difficult to distinguish from the deck clamp shown in magenta. As I mentioned earlier, the deck line frame extends across the stern transom at the same location as the deck clamp thus joining the right side clamp with the left side clamp.
The two ends of the timber you need to make has a notch at the fore end so that it fits around the last frame in the ship and a bevel at the aft end that matches the angle of the transom frame. This can be seen in the last photo of the series. It is also glued against the inside edge of the deck line frame that was just installed.
A notch is cut into the cross piece where that filler frame goes. The filler frame timber has a matching notch and sits on top of the building jig base. The lower end of the filling frame meets the inside edge of the last transom frame. The photos show this placement. One more step to complete the framing of the stern transom is left.
Some scrap filler pieces are added on each side of the counter area I mentioned earlier. They are glued to the outside surface of the outer most transom frame.
Then everything is sanded and blended to form a smooth transition of the counter as seen in the final photos for this step. This completes the complex construction of the stern transom. If you've made it this far, you are to be congratulated. I promise it gets easier from here! As you can see from the 1st photo in this step, the model has been removed from the building jig, which is no longer needed because the planking you are about to install now holds the framework together.
But before we can get to this point, we have to fair out the hull. Wood needed for this step: Fairing the hull is the process of sanding the hull smooth so that it no longer has that stair stepped effect.
The test for smoothness is by visually sighting down the hull as you hold the model at eye level and by laying a thin strip of wood against the hull at various points to see if it touches each and every frame and lays flat. You cannot lay planking if the hull is not fair. Various sanding blocks are used to fair the hull. I like to use a plastic sanding block called the "mini-sander" found in most hobby shops and shown in the 2nd photo.
It has two pieces of yellow plastic with teeth in them and a rubber pad that wraps around it. Strips of sandpaper can be purchased as belts that wrap around the two plastic pieces. The plastic pieces slide outward catching on their teeth to lock and tighten them against the sandpaper. The nice thing about this sander is the rubber pad which works well on curved surfaces such as the hull of a model ship.
Start with 80 grit sandpaper and aggressively sand the surface of the frames blending each one to the next and so forth. It will take some sanding to get the bow area faired as it has the sharpest curves. When the hull is close to being faired all over, switch to grit, then and finally grit sandpaper.
The next 5 photos show the hull after it has been faired out. Now the planking can be laid. Typically model ship builders like to leave the planking off of the lower hull of a true plank on frame model so that the intricate details of the frames can be displayed.
There is actually some historical models know as Admiralty Models in various museums that are constructed in this manner. When a ship was going to be built, a model was made showing off the framework that would be used for its construction. The model was presented to the Admiralty Board for approval and often times, the plans for the model were also used to build the actual ship.
So, given the historical nature of admiralty models, I'm only going to cover how to plank the upper hull area. Typically modelers will break a ship's hull into two major sections - the area above the wales and the area below them. The "wales" are thick timbers across the center area of the ship going horizontally.
The acted like a belt that holds up your trousers. They were thicker than any of the other planks on the hulls. Most modelers like to use a contrasting wood for the wales such as ebony or walnut. I chose ebony for my Hannah model. In the next photo you can see a template cut from a manila folder. Use a copy of the Frame Plan to make this template. First cut the drawing along the line that is the top surface of the building jig.
Then cut on the green line that is the bottom edge of the wale plank. After cutting the drawing, rubber cement it to the manila folder and cut it on the same lines as well.
To mark the line of the wale plank, place the template on the surface of the building jig and align the frames on the drawing with the frames on the model, then mark each frame with a pencil where the wale line intersects the frames. Once the line has been marked, you're ready to start. Because the wales are thick,.
Cut strips of wood that are. You can use soft basswood for the first 5 layers because the final finished layer will cover them up color their edges black to match the black ebony. A quick five minute soak in water will soften the basswood so that it bends easily. Planks on a real ship were typically about 24' in length. Start at the bow. First mark a line on the stem where the wale will tuck into the rabbet joint.
Now you see why you cut that rabbet joint into the stem. Using the Frame Plan, the bottom edge of the bottom wale meets the stem at a point exactly 3. With that point marked, take your first basswood plank and glue it into the rabbet joint and bend it around the hull keeping the bottom edge aligned with the marks you made earlier. You can use a 24" length of wood for the first 5 layers because they will be covered over with the finishing layer.
It helps to put glue on a few frames at a time. I prefer to use super glue for planking my hull because it's next to impossible to clamp the planks and you don't want to hold them in place Model Ship Building Plans Pdf Reader with your hands for hours waiting for the glue to dry. Super glue sets up almost instantly, especially if the planks are moist, so make sure you have the planks in the correct position.
By gluing a few frames at a time, you can add glue to the surface of the frames, press and hold the plank against the glue for a minute, then repeat the process. Let the aft end of the planking extend slightly beyond the stern transom for now. You can trim it all up and sand it flush later on. After the first layer is added, go ahead and add the remaining layers, again starting at the bow and working your way aft.
Be sure to tuck the end into the rabbet joint. Add the finished layer but cut those planks to a length of approximately 6". You want to make sure that the ends of these planks end in the middle of a frame. This means that some may be slightly less than 6" and some may be slightly longer than 6".
Start at the bow and work your way aft as you did before. Congratulations, you've begun your hull planking! The next 5 rows of planking is. You won't need to layer any more of the rows. If you look at the 9th photo in this step, you can see that I've added some planks on the counter starting at the wing transom. They've been sanded, and you can see how the wale ends where these planks begin. If you go forward to the 13th photo you can see that I've planked the entire counter area and sanded it smooth.
You should plank the couter before you add the outer hull planks so that the outer hull planks cover the edges of the counter planks. As the 20th photo shows, 5 rows of planking were added above the wales. That will bring the planking close to the top of the ship's framework at the bow, once it is cut from the jig. The next plank to go on will be a piece of molding.
Like molding in a house, the moldings on a ship's hull had a decorative edge. You can make this edge by cutting the profile of the molding into a razor blade using a thin cutoff wheel in your Dremel tool. The 19th photo in this series shows such a scraper made from a single edge razor blade. Let me also mention that the ends of your 6" planks need to be staggered. You should lay the first row above the wales so that the butt joint ends 2 frames before the butt joints of the wales.
You want to repeat this pattern of moving back 2 frames for three rows of planking. On the fourth row, the butt joints should go back to aligning with the butt joints of the wales. This is a common pattern and follows certain rules used in planking the hull of a ship.
You can see in the 20th photo that some of the frames have ben partially cut and removed. Specifically the fore side of 2 frames has been removed. This is part of the design of this ship. Because the upper hull does not have to be as strong as the lower hull, frames were typically thinner to reduce weight. So, from the top edge of each frame going from the aft most frame to the point where the quarterdeck begins, I removed the forward half of the frame.
Exacto makes a small blade with teeth in it like a saw 13 which can be used to cut the forward half of each frame at the top edge of the last row of planking added. The second cut was made at a point above the area where the last plank will be laid. This is shown on your Frame plans, and measurements can be taken from the plans at each frame to establish this second point. Use a 22 Xacto blade to then cut and remove this half of the frame. Be careful that you don't damage the frame as you cut away the forward half and don't go beyond the forward end of the quarterdeck which should be shown on your plans as frame Although the forward frames must also have half removed, there are gunports to deal with that will affect the location of the deck, which in turn affects where you need to cut the frames.
I'll address that in a later step. Now we can make our molding. Swiss pear wood is pear wood that has been steamed. Steaming turns the wood pink in color, and it makes a nice contrasting color that works well with the beige boxwood and white holly used above the molding. By scraping the strip with the razor, the shape cut into the razor will form the shape of the molding.
Pretty neat trick, huh? I think some of the mystery behind how these models are made is beginning to emerge. The molding can be laid as a long, single strip if you wish.
It becomes the top most plank at the bow, but at the stern, additional planking is necessary to cover the area where the quarterdeck is located. To give the model more contrast, I added a row of. Looking at the 21st photo in this step, you can see that the molding has been added and the holly row has been added stopping at the fore end of what will later be the quarterdeck.
Another row of molding is added, then 3 rows of plum are added and the planking is finished off with another row of molding. Photo 23 shows these final rows of planking added. Now that all of the planking has been added to both sides you did remember to add it on the other side too, didn't you?
The Xacto blade 13 can be used to cut the frames. Be careful at the end when you cut the last few frames that you don't drop the freed model on the floor! Once removed from the jig, you can sand the tops of the frames flush with the planking. Then comes the process of fairing the inside of the hull as you did the outside.
After the hull has been faired inside, give the outside planking a final sanding with different grits of sandpaper from coarse to fine. I like to apply a few coats of Minwax Wipe on Polyurethane to the outer planking and frames at this point. Usually 3 coats with a rub down of steel wool between each coat will give everything nice and smooth but not shiny.
This completes this step of planking the hull. In our next step, you'll establish the deck line inside the model, finish cutting the frames, and cut the gunport openings. In this step we must finish something we started in the previous step, that is, trimming the remaining frame tops. You will recall that in the previous step, before the planking was applied, you trimmed the forward portion of the sistered frames leaving only the aft half.
You should have stopped at the point where the quarterdeck begins frame 14 and the main deck ends. Now we must trim away the aft half of each frame at the main deck area. Wood needed for this step: 4. Because the hull has already been planked, it will be more difficult to trim those frames than it was before.
However, I came up with a way to do it which makes it much easier. In the 1st photo you can see that I have installed the deck clamp. The deck clamp supports the deck beams which will be added in the next step. Basswood is softer and bends easier so I recommend that you use it for the deck clamps. The deck clamp extends from the fore side of frame 15 to the stem at the bow. The top of the deck clamp is 1. Set your calipers to this measurement and use them to mark the location of the top of the deck clamp.
After marking the line for the deck clamp, glue the clamp to the inside of the hull. Then use a Dremel tool with a cutoff disc to cut through each frame completely. Be careful that you do not cut through the planking though. Make the cut on each frame right at the point where the top of the deck clamp intersects the frame as shown in the 1st photo. Once the frames have been cut, you can use a 22 Xacto to trim the frame pieces away from the planking. After some cleanup of the old glue and some sanding of the inside planking surface, the cut off frame pieces can be replaced with new half frame pieces as shown in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd photos.
Remember, these half pieces are on the forward side of the frame. Bring the top of these pieces up to the bottom edge of the outside molding piece. The same goes for the 5th cant frame piece. Corel Ship Model Plans are the same as those as supplied in their ship model kits. Euromodel Model Ship Plans. Euromodel produce the most authentic and intricately detailed wooden ship model plans.
Each is a masterpiece. Their ship model plans are historically accurate and rich in detail. These ship model plans are best for the experienced model builder. Euromodel Ship Model Plans are the same as those as supplied in their ship model kits. Mantua Model Ship Plans.
Ships whose primary purpose is to serve the maritime industry, such as pilot vessels, tugboats, or lighters are cross referenced on this page, whether motor, sail, or oar-powered vessels. You can download the plans directly from the website.
Go to the page of plans you want, and left-click on the plan image to open the image file. The plans can be opened with any image-editing or preview software. Save it to a removable drive and you can take the drive to a local copy shop to be printed on their large-format printer. Do you have any? Any recomendations? One of the best experts on the subject was Howard Chapelle.
He probably answers the question in one of his many books on sailing ships. Ship Type French tanker Mekong. North River Schooner. Plan of an Ancient Trireme.
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11.01.2021 at 17:40:57 CLC for pontoons, and much.
11.01.2021 at 10:54:27 This rig is the essential for maintaining can find them one.