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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts - Learn CBSE

Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirementsof multi-cellular organisms like humans? Unlike ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 6 ans unicellular organisms, the multi-cellular organisms have complex body structures with specialized ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 6 ans and tissues to perform various necessary functions of the body.

Since these cells are not in direct contact with surrounding environment so, simple diffusion cannot meet the solktions requirement of all these cells. Any visible movement such as walking, breathing, or growing is generally used 1t0h decide whether something is soluhions or not. However, a living organism can also have movements, 110th are not visible to the naked eye.

Therefore, the presence of life processes fkr a fundamental criterion that can be used to decide whether something is alive or not. The raw materials required by an organism will vary depending on the complexity of the organism and its environment. Life processes such as nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion. In this acidic medium, enzyme pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, which is a protein-digesting enzyme. Digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin.

These simple particles can be easily absorbed by the blood and thus transported to all the cells of the body. The small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi increase the wolutions area for more efficient solutionns absorption. Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the blood stream. From the blood stream, the absorbed food is delivered to each and every cell of the body.

What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration? Terrestrial organisms take up oxygen from the atmosphere whereas aquatic animals obtain oxygen from water. Air contains more O 2 as compared to water. Since the content of O 2 in air is high, scienfe terrestrial animals do not have to breathe faster to get more oxygen.

Therefore, unlike aquatic animals, terrestrial animals do not need adaptations for gaseous exchange. What are the different ncfrt in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms? At first glucose 6 carbon molecules is broken in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms.

This process yields a 3 carbon molecule compound called pyruvate. Further break down of pyruvate takes place in different manners in different organisms.

In this case pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The release of energy in aerobic respiration is much more than anaerobic respiration. Formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramp. They carry the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen. Hence, it chappter mostly transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs where it diffuses from blood to air in the lungs and then expelled out through nostrils.

Upstream and downstream questions pdf solufions the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases? Lungs contain millions of alveoli which provide a surface scienc the exchange of gases. An extensive network of blood vessels is present in the wall of the alveoli. By lifting our ribs and flatten the diaphragm, the chest cavity becomes spacious.

Air is sucked into the lungs fkr alveoli. The oxygen from the breath, nfert into the blood and CO 2 from the blood brought from the body, diffuses out into the air. What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components? The main components of the transport system in human beings are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

It receives forr blood from the various body parts and sends this impure blood to the lungs for oxygenation. It is necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to maintain efficient supply of oxygen into the body.

This system is essential in animals that have high energy need. For example, animals like oslutions and birds which constantly use this energy to maintain their body temperature. In highly organised plants, there are two different types of conducting tissues � xylem and phloem. Xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil via roots to the rest of the plant. Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.

Water and minerals are transported through xylem cells from soil to the leaves. The xylem cells of roots stem and leaves are interconnected to form a conducting channel chaptee reaches all chapte of the plant. The root cells take ions from the soil. This creates a difference between the concentration 66 ions of roots and soil.

Therefore, there is a steady movement of water into xylem. An osmotic pressure is formed and water and minerals are transported from one cell solutiojs the other cell due to osmosis.

The continuous loss of water takes place due to transpiration. Because of transpiration, a suction pressure is created as a result of which water is forced into the xylem cells of roots. The effect of root pressure for transportation in plants is more important in night while during day time transpiration pull becomes the major driving force. How is food transported in plants? Answer Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to cllass parts of the plant.

The transportation of food in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP which helps in creating osmotic pressure that transport food from the area of high concentration to low concentration. Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys. Each kidney possesses large number of nephrons, abs Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons. From ureter, it gets transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra. Plants can ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 6 ans rid of excess of water by transpiration.

Waste materials may be stored upstream and downstream questions pdf the cell vacuoles or as gum and upstream and downstream questions pdf, especially in old xylem. It is also stored in the leaves that later fall off.

The amount of urine produced depends on the amount of excess water and dissolved wastes present in the body. Sciience other factors such as habitat of an organism and hormone such as Anti-diuretic hormone ADH also regulates the amount of urine produced.

The xylem in plants are responsible upstream and downstream questions pdf a transport of water. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires a carbon dioxide and water. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in a upstream and downstream questions pdf. Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine.

The small intestine receives the secretions from the liver and the pancreas. The bile salts from the liver break down the large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzyme lipase can easily act on. This is referred to as emulsification of fats. This process takes place in the small intestine.

Autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are ncert solutions for class 10th science chapter 6 ans necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates food and O 2 are the nceet of photosynthesis.

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Alveoli provide a surface cnapter the exchange of gases. Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood. This can lead to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells.

It can also lead to a disease called anaemia. During a single cycle blood goes twice in the heart which is known as double circulation.

It is necessary in human chapteg to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood because this makes their circulatory system is more efficient and helps in maintaining constant body temperature.

Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning. Food soutions obtained directly or indirectly from autotrophs. This food is broken down with the help of enzymes. The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick and it contains an extensive network of blood capillaries.

The exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place between 10thh blood of the capillaries that surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli. The blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery. The blood is entered here and the nitrogenous waste in the form of urine is collected by collecting duct.

Question 4. Some important topics involved in this chapter are:. Students who are planning to build their career stream in the field of medicine can refer to this article as biology plays a major role in the medical field. Question 1 Describe the structure and functions of nephrons. Solution: Dry HCl gas does not contain any hydrogen ions in it, so it does not show acidic behaviour. The bulb does not glow in this case also. Question 3 What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts?
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