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01.05.2021, adminThe NCERT Solutions for class 1 to class 12 has been written so as to help the understudies in all the degree of evaluations.
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Check this:This shows the territory cut down as well as by a in-hull timber equipment which hold a column enclosure. Damaged Long knife is in Crawford County. " So by a time 10tu this BS was .
Question 3. The length and breadth of a rectangular block are Find the area of the rectangular block. Question 4. Calculate the pressure exerted over the area. Question 5. Which quantity should be measured more accurately and why? Question 6. Question 7. Find the relative error in the measurement of R. Question 8. The length, measured by a scale of least count 0. When a weight of 40 N is suspended from the wire, its extension is measured to be 0.
Question 9. A small error in the measurement of the quantity having the highest power in a given formula will contribute maximum percentage error in the value of the physical quantity to whom it is related.
Explain why? Question Find the value of the gas constant R. What are the derived units? Answer: Units of those physical quantities which are derived from the fundamental units are called derived units.
What do you understand by fundamental physical quantities? Answer: Fundamental physical quantities are those quantities which are independent of each other. For example, mass, length, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity and amount of substance are seven fundamental physical quantities. Define parsec. Answer: The distance at which a star would have annual parallax of 1 second of arc.
Define Atomic mass unit a. Answer: 1 a. Which is a bigger unit-light year or parsec? Do A and A. Name two pairs of physical quantities whose dimensions are same. What is the order of precision of an atomic clock? Answer: About 1 in 10 12 to 10 13 s. Name at least six physical quantities whose dimensions are ML 2 T Name four units used in the measurement of extremely short distances. Answer: According to the principle of homogeneity of dimensions.
Do all physical quantities have dimensions? If no, name four physical quantities which are dimensionless. Answer: No, all physical quantities do not possess dimensions. Obtain the dimensions of relative density. Answer: As relative density is defined as the ratio of the density of given substance and the density of standard distance water , it is a dimensionless quantity.
Obtain the dimensional formula for coefficient of viscosity. Given that the value of G in the CGS system as 6. Answer: 6. Answer: No, it has dimensions. In fact its dimensional formula is [mol -1 ]. Can a physical quantity have dimensions but still have no units? Answer: No, it is not possible. What is N m -1 s 2 equal to? Answer: N m -1 s 2 is nothing but SI unit of mass i.
Express a joule in terms of fundamental units. What is the dimensional formula for torque? Answer: [M L 2 T -2 ]. Is nuclear mass density dependent on the mass number? Short Answer Type Questions Question 1. A body travels uniformly a distance of What is the velocity of the body within error limits?
What do you mean by order of magnitude? Answer: The order of magnitude of a numerical quantity N is the nearest power of 10 to which its value can be written. For example. Order of magnitude of nuclear radius 1. A laser signal is beamed towards the planet Venus from Earth and its echo is received 8.
Calculate the distance of Venus from the Earth at that time. If the radius of earth is 6. Convert this distance in A. Given 1 A. Write the dimensions of a, b and c. Answer: All the terms should have the same dimension. Deduce the dimensional formula for D.
Calculate the percentage error in the calculated value of density. The force experienced by a mass moving with a uniform speed v in a circular path of radius r experiences a force which depends on its mass, speed and radius.
The distance of the Sun from the Earth is 1. From dimensional considerations, find a possible relation for the frequency of a tuning fork. The radius of the Earth is 6. The orbital velocity v of a satellite may depend on its mass m, distance r from the centre of Earth and acceleration due to gravity g. Obtain an expression for orbital velocity. Check by the method of dimensional analysis whether the following relations are correct. Hence, the relation is correct.
Given that the time period T of oscillation of a gas bubble from an explosion under water depends upon P, d and E where P is the static pressure, d the density of water and E is the total energy of explosion, find dimensionally a relation for T. The values of l and h are 4 cm and 0.
Compute the error in measurement of radius of curvature. Calculate the mass of earth to correct significant figures. Therefore, the final result should be rounded up to three significant figures. Find the dimensions of the following quantities i Acceleration ii Angle iii Density iv Kinetic energy v Gravitational constant vi Permeability Answer:.
The length, breadth and thickness of a block of metal were measured with the help of a Vernier Callipers. Find the percentage error in volume of the block.
Find the value of 60 W on a system having g, 20 cm and 1 minute as the fundamental units. Obviously, the physical quantity is power whose dimensional formula is [M 1 L 2 T 3- ]. Long Answer Type Questions Question 1. What is the significance of this number? Answer: Substituting values of all known parameters we find that the value of x is nearly 15 billion years, which is approximately equal to the present estimate of the age of the universe.
To determine acceleration due to gravity, the time of 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum of length cm was observed to be 40 s. Calculate the value of g and maximum percentage error in the measured value of g. Answer: Here 0. Therefore, time needs more careful measurement.
It is known that the period T of a magnet of magnetic moment M vibrating in a uniform magnetic field of intensity B depends upon M, B and I where I is the moment of inertia of the magnet about its axis of oscillations. Also the magnetic moment has the units Am2 so that its dimensions can be written as [AL 2 ] where A stands for the dimensions of the electric current.
Finally the magnetic field vector B has the units newton per ampere metre so that its dimensions can be written as. Briefly explain how you will estimate the molecular diameter of oleic acid. Answer: To determine the molecular diameter of oleic acid, we first of all dissolve 1 mL of oleic acid in 20 mL of alcohol.
Then redissolve 1 mL of this solution in 20 mL of alcohol. Now take a large sized trough filled with water. Lightly sprinkle lycopodium powder on water surface. Using a dropper of fine bore gently put few drops say n of the solution prepared on to water. The solution drops spread into a thin, large and roughly circular film of molecular thickness on water surface.
Quickly measure the diameter of thin circular film and calculate its surface area S. Experimentally, molecular diameter of oleic acid is found to be of the order of m. Obtain a relation between the distance travelled by a body in time t, if its initial velocity be u and accelerationf. Answer: Let the distance covered is S, IV. Multiple Choice Questions Question 1. The SI units of magnetic field is a weber per metre2 b newton per coulomb per metre per second c newton per ampere per metre d all the above Question 2.
The dimensions of energy per unit volume are the same as those of a pressure b force c modulus of elasticity d all the above Question 3. The SI units of the universal gravitational constant G are a kg m 2 s -2 b kg -1 m 3 s -2 c N kg 2 m -2 d N kg 2 m -2 Question 4. The density of a cube is measured by measuring its mass and the length of its sides. A wire has a mass 0. The maximum percentage error in the measurement of its density is a 1 b 2 c 3 d 5 Answer: 1.
A laser light beam sent to the moon takes 2. Calculate the radius of the lunar orbit around the eazth. The parallactic angle subtended by a distant star is 0. Calculate the distance of the star from the earth. The heat dissipated in a resistance can be obtained by the measurement of resistance, the current and time.
E, m, 1 and G denote energy, mass, angular momentum and gravitational constant respectively. Obtain dimensionally an expression for n R. Given, n R is directly proportional to r. Answer: Note in Eqn. If this information was not available there will be four unknowns.
The speed of light in air is 3. The distance travelled by light in one year i. Do you agree with the student? If not, write the correct value of one light year. When two physical quantities are multiplied, the significant figures retained in the final result should not be greater than the least number of significant figures in any of the two quantities.
Since, in this case significant figures in one quantity 3. If velocity of sound in a gas depends on its elasticity and density, derive the relation for the velocity of sound in a medium by the method of dimensions. Answer: If v be the velocity of sound, E the elasticity of the medium and p the density of the medium, then where k is a dimensionless constant of proportionality. Writing down the dimensions of both sides of equation i , we get.
N R is a function of the density of the liquid r, its average speed is v and the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid is h. A Vernier Caliper is used to measure the length, width and height of the Mock.
The measured values are found to be 1. Similarly the upper limit can also be calculated as follows. But we choose the higher of these two values as the uncertainty i. In an experiment on determining the density of a ectangular Mock, the dimensions of the Mock are measured with a Venier Caliper with a least count of 0.
How do we report our result for the density of the block? Value-Based Questions Question 1. Suresh went to London to his elder brother Lalit who is a Civil Engineer there. Suresh found there f the currency is quite different from his country. He could not understand pound and how it is converted into rupees. He asked there an Englishman how far is Central London from here. He replied that it is 16 miles.
Suresh again got confused because he never used these units in India. In the evening Suresh inquired all about it. His brother told him about the unit system used in England. He explained his brother that here F. It means, distance is measured in foot, mass in pound and time in seconds whereas in India it is MKS system. Answer: Question 2. Linear magnification Question 2. Answer: Question 5.
Answer: Question 6. Answer: Question Do specific heat and latent heat have the same dimensions? Answer: No. The solution which turns red litmus to blue will be a basic solution. The blue litmus paper formed here can now be used to test the acidic solution. The solution which turns the blue litmus paper to red will be the acidic solution.
Question 1 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels? Answer: Curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels because these and other sour food-stuffs contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and affect our health adversely. Question 2 Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal?
Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas? Answer: i Hydrogen H 2 gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal. Take some zinc granules in the test tube.
Add about 5 mL dilute hydrochloric acid slowly. Soon the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid starts and hydrogen gas is evolved. When passed through soap solution, it gets trapped into bubbles. Bring a burning candle near the soap bubble filled with gas. The soap bubble bursts and hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. Question 3 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence.
The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride. Answer: As the end product is calcium chloride and the gas formed is carbon dioxide, the metal compound A must be calcium carbonate.
Therefore, the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is. Question 1 Why do HCl, HNO 3 , etc show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?
HCl, HNO 3 , etc. Therefore, alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character. Question 2 Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? Answer: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it.
Question 3 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper? Question 4 While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid? Answer: While diluting an acid it is recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid because if water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, then a large amount of heat is evolved at once.
Answer: When a given amount of an acid is added to water, there is a fixed number of hydronium ions per volume of the solution. On dilution, the number of hydronium ions per volume decreases and concentration decreases. Question 6 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH � affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
Answer: The concentration of hydroxide ions will increase when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide, but it happens to a limited extent only after which the concentration becomes almost constant.
Question 1 You have two solutions A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic? Answer: A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution.
Since solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration, solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. If yes, then why are these basic? But these are far less in number than OH � ions that is responsible for their basic nature. Question 4 Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate?
Answer: If the soil is too acidic having low pH then it is treated with materials like quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate.
Question 1 What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2? Answer: Bleaching powder. Question 2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder. Answer: Slaked lime Ca OH 2. Question 3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Answer: Sodium carbonate. Question 4 What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated. Give the equation of the reaction involved? Answer: Solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide gas is evolved. Question 5 Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water.
Question 1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be a 1 b 4 c 5 d 10 Answer: d Question 2 A solution reacts with crushed-egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky. Question 4 Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?
Question 6 Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. The bulb does not glow in this case also. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not acids. Question 7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?
Answer: Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does not contain any ionic compound like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it. Rainwater, while falling to the earth through the atmosphere, dissolves an acidic gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid H 2 CO 3.
Hence, due to the presence of carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity. Question 8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
The acid produces hydrogen ions only in the presence of water. So in the absence of water, an acid will not form hydrogen ions and hence will not show its acidic behaviour. Which solution is a Neutral b Strongly alkaline c Strongly acidic d Weakly acidic e Weakly alkaline Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration. Question 10 Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B.
In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why? Answer: Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A. Being strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution contains a much greater amount of hydrogen ions in it due to which the fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A containing hydrochloric acid.
The fizzing is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas which is formed by the action of acid on the magnesium metal of magnesium ribbon. Question 11 fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. Answer: pH of milk falls below 6 as it turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process.
Lactic acid present in it reduces its pH value. Question 12 A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Answer: a Milk is made slightly alkaline so that it may not Class 10th Physics Chapter 1 Ncert Solutions Ltd get sour easily due to the formation of lactic acid in it. Question 13 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container.
Explain why? Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container because the presence of moisture can cause slow setting of plaster of Paris by bringing about its hydration.
This will make the plaster of Paris useless after sometime. Question 14 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples. Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. Question 15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda. Answer: Uses of washing soda : i Washing soda is used in glass, soap and paper industries.
Uses of baking soda : i Baking soda is used as an antacid in medicines to remove acidity of the stomach. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. Solution: The contents of each test tube would be identified by change in colour of red litmus paper. For example, when we wet the red litmus paper with the basic solution, it changes into blue colour. Put the changed blue litmus paper in the solution which turns the blue to red will be the acidic solution.
The solution, which has no effect on any litmus paper, will be neutral and hence it will be distilled water. Question 2 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels? Solution: Curd and other sour foodstuffs contain acids, which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and damage our health.
Question 3 Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Solution: When an acid reacts with metal, a salt and hydrogen gas is formed. Question 4 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. Solution: The gas that extinguishes a burning candle is carbon dioxide, which is formed by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on a metal carbonate and produces effervescence.
Now, since one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride, it shows that the metal compound is calcium carbonate. Thus, the metal compound A is calcium carbonate CaCO 3. Calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
This can be written as:. The compounds such as glucose and alcohol also contain hydrogen but they do not show acidic character.
Question 6 Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity? Solution: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it.
Question 7 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper? Solution: Dry HCl gas does not contain any hydrogen ions in it, so it does not show acidic behaviour.
Question 8 While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid? Solution: Diluting an acid should be done by adding concentrated acid to water gradually with stirring and not by adding water to concentrated acid. The heat is evolved gradually when a concentrated acid is added to water for diluting an acid and the large amount of water is easily absorbed.
If, however, water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, a large amount of heat is evolved at once. The heat generated may cause the mixture to splash the acid on our face or clothes and cause acid burns. Question 10 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH- affected when excess base is dissolved in water?
Solution: When the solution of a base is diluted by mixing more water in it, the concentration of hydroxide ions OH � ions per unit volume decreases. Question 11 You have two solutions A and B. Solution: The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to its hydrogen ion concentration. This means that the solution having lower pH will have more hydrogen ion concentration.
In this case, solution A having a lower pH of 6 will have more hydrogen ion concentration. Solution A is acidic and solution B is basic. Solution: Acids produce hydrogen ions in water. So, when an acid is added to water, the concentration of hydrogen ions in water increases.
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