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To browse Academia. Skip to main content. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Genesis Dela Cruz. Download PDF. A short summary of this paper. The book was designed to present the technical trade in--formation in a short, concise, d irect and plain language accompanied with illustrations os o visual aid to the reader. Useful tables, conversion foetor and formulae from the English to the Metric System Sil, various permit forms, problems and solutions were also incorporated.
Hand tools, power tools and equipment including their respective uses and functions in the construction were also p re-. The author likewise expresses his indebtedness and gratitude to the persons here unnamed wro in one way or another hove contributed to the full realization of this book. M [1][2][3][4] l -5 Precast Concrete Piles Deterioration of Concrete Piles.
Metal' Pile Pile Spacing Driving of Piles Through on Obstruction. Failure of Pile Foundation Rein'forced Concrete Column. Web Reinforcement Other Causes of Beam Failure Ribbed Flood Slab. The mechanical advantages, accuracy, speed and efficiency derived from the use of the right tools and equ ipment, has prompted man to continuously search for the refinement of old tools aside from the invention and introduction of new ones that would provide greater efficiency and refinement of work.
Comparatively, it could be seen from the structures and works , of past builders, the quality. These could be mainly attributed to the kind of tools and or power tools that are being used by the present contemporary builders Experienced builder agrees, that the efficiency of the work in building construction could be augmented by 25 percent or more with the use of the right kind of tools aside from the improved quality of the work performed.
By hiring an experienced worker who has a complete set of tools however high his demand for pay is more advantageous and cheaper than hiring a beginner with a lower rate but without the. The increasing popularity and worldwide acceptance of the Metric measure has prompted these companies and others to adopt and incorporate the meter and centimeter rules in all the measuring tools that they are manufacturing.
How the present tools developed the correlat ion between the English and the Metric measure, their equ ivalent values, how they served the past generation and how they used the instrumen-ts which could be of help to the educational background and advancement of the present crop of builders.
The different kind,s of measuring tools that are being used in building construction otherw ise known as "Rules" are; The two foot four folding ruleis generally used in measuring short distances. It is usually made up of four folds connected by three hinges spaced at 6 inc;hes or 15 em apart wh ich could be folded-up.
Figure Zig-zag rule -Is ava ilabe in 4 ft. There are three types of joints available : 1. Concealed 2. Riveted 3. Springless Push-Pull Tape rule -Is used to measure long distances; available from 1. Slide Caliper rulecylindrical objects. Chalk or charcoal line-is used for marking a very rough work. Round pencil lead-used for marking rough work. Scratch awl -is used in mark ing a sem i-rough work.
Scriber -is used in marking fine work. It is hardened steel with a sharp point designed to mark fine line. Compass-is used to inscribe arcs or circle. This could be done with the various guiding tools for a precise and quality work.
The different kinds of testing and guiding tools are: 1. Plastic Hose with wateris the best and accurate tool for guiding the work in establishing a horizontal level. Plumb Bobis used to check or obtain a vertical line. The word plumb means perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Miter Boxis a device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to form a miter joint. Angle Divideris a double bevel used to divide an angle a complicated work. This tool could divide an angle in one 8.
Squareis called a "Trying Square". FRAMING Bodythe longer and wider part Tonguethe shorter and the narrower part Facethe side visible when the square is held by the tongue in the right hand, the body pointing to the left. The different types of fastening tools are: 1. Claw hammera hand tool made of steel carefully forged, hardened and tempered. Its sizes varies from to grams. A grams is recommended for finishing work. A grams is recommended for framing work. The differe'nt kinds of rough facing tools are: 1.
Hatchetis generally a1utility tool used for sharpening stakes and cutting down timber to rough sizes. Adzeroughly, an adze is a hatchet in which the blade is at right angle with the handle.
Chisels are classified according to Paring chisel should not be driven by blows but only man ipulated by means of hand pressure. Draw Knifeis used in trimming work by drawing towards the worker. These tools are actually chisels with frames to guide and lim it the cut and make it smooth.
Plane -is used in smoothing boards or other surfaces for framing and moulding. Planes are classified according to its size and services: 1. Jack planefor heavy rough work. Fore planefor smoothing and straightening the rough or irregular cut of the jack plane.
Trying plane-is used to obtain the smoothest finish. Jointera trying plane is a simple small jointer. Smooth plane-a small plane used for smoothing un- b Fillester Plane -similar in use as the rabbet plane but is more preferable because it cuts more accurately than the former. These tools are special ly designed to mak e hole in wood. The different types of dr iII ing t-ools are: 3. Augersis used for boring holes with a diameter from liz" to 2" inches or Reamersusually a reamer is used chiefly by machinist in enlarging metal holes.
It is also used in carpentry work for enlarging holes on wood when made too small for the screw or its head. Holding tools is vital and important in accompl ishing f ine carpentry work.
In many stages of construction the need for holding the materials in place rigidly is necessary. Supporting -Carpentry wor. The Hor5e or Trestle is the r ight tool for the purpose.
Sharp tools assure the worker in accomplishing a quality work and is faster than using dull tools. The different kinds of sharpening tools are: 1. Grind Stonea flat disc solid stone usually of sandstone mounted on a shaft used f. Oil Stone-Used after the grinding operation to achieve a sm. Oil is used as a lubricafing medium and that is why they are called oil stone. Oil stone are of two types: a. Natural -found in their natural state b.
Artificial -are ordinary abrasives such as carburandum alundum and emery. Work bench is considered as a shop tool and is needed for the different kinds of onsite or off-site preparation of wood parts in all construction projects.. Masonry tools also include some of the carpentry tools previously mentioned particularly the measuring tools, the testing and guiding tools. Masons also use other kinds of special tools aside from.
Tools for this type are mostly striking tools and those that also need a striking medium. The axe to serve as a chisel and the hammer for driving nails and other rough work in masonry. Patent Hammer -Is a hammer wherein the head is composed of a group ofth in chisels used for dressing stone or concrete. Crandall-A tool w ith sharp pointed steel spikes used for dressing stone or concrete.
Cross Peen Hammer-Is a cross head hammer where one is shaped I ike a wedge used for various striking need in masonry work. Cold Chisel-Is a common tool for carpentry, and masonry work used for dressing or cutting stone, concrete, metal and other materials with the aid of hammer.
Star Drill -Used for boring or drilling holes on hard surface such as rock, stone or concrete. Bolster-A tool similar in appearance with the cold chisel including its services but has a wide blade edge.
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Construcction we formed often which upon an typical piece of plywood, you had the possibility to locate your roving travel benefaction in St. Only Push slab boat ramp construction in per chairman for during slightest 4a single of a easiest vessel we could erect your self.
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