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G raeme Spence didn't have time to contemplate why, exactly, he had just fallen off his very fast boat. He tubes for boats that fly understand been able to study the failures that had launched him into Bermuda's Great Sound on an otherwise routine training day in February, his hands still stretching desperately for the hold ripped out of his reach.

Tubes for boats that fly understand had a deep understanding of the gravity tubes for boats that fly understand his situation, but not the sort of understanding that allows for remedy. Spence was foy first man to go over the front of the sailing vessel USA 17, Oracle Team USA's entry in this summer's edition of the America's Cup, less a boat than a collection of knives tubes for boats that fly understand over the water.

Whether Spence would also become the first man to survive the trip under 17 wasn't really up to. Calling 17 a sailboat is like calling the stealth bomber a plane. It's not inaccurate, but the picture it makes is incomplete. Waning are the days of billowing spinnakers and tuhes in striped ties and blue blazers. Today's tues are anti-romantics. They are stripped-down engineering solutions to hydrodynamic problems, and they're crewed by athletes better judged by their strength and reaction times than their readings of the wind.

Not much can keep up with a modern racing yacht, and that sometimes includes the men who sail. It has twin carbon-fiber hulls, sleek and black, connected by a pair of beams with fairings that look like spoilers. There is no teak in sight. There is, however, a futuristic-seeming pod that serves as its spine, supporting the towering wing it has in place of a sail.

Never mind a sheet of canvas flapping in the breeze; 17 is driven by a stiff, laser-precise assembly of Nomex, carbon-fiber, and Clysar. That wing is so efficient, and the boat is so light� fifty-three hundred pounds, including its hulking six-man crew�it floats on the surface of the water only at rest, which is almost physically impossible for it to.

At speed, it has no draft. Usually, only one of the two larger foils at the front called daggerboards or L-foils, because of their distinctive shape is in the water. The other is raised clear to reduce drag. The smaller two at the back rudders with T-foils are almost always both in the water, unless something has gone Tubes For Boats That Fly Vinyl wrong. A lot of things had gone wrong when Spence went overboard. After, Oracle Team USA's forensics team would analyze the gut-churning moment using their continuous streams of onboard data and camera footage.

But for the first time in sailing's long history, it will be a mistake if it does. Like accident investigators, the team reconstructed the "cascade of events" that led to Spence's slipping under a machine that might hit an incredible fifty knots. The Swiss winner of the America's Cup, the more traditional single-hulled Alinghi, topped out at about 15 knots. Sailors who fall over the front of a foiling catamaran have the significant misfortune of finding themselves in the path of its blade-sharp foils.

Together, 17 's boards make for just fifty square feet of wetted surface. But when you just have to hope that none of them hits you, "that's a lot of real estate in the water," Erbelding says. InFranck Cammas, a veteran America's Cup skipper, went over the side of his smaller, slower foiling catamaran during a training sail and was struck by one of the rudders.

His fir foot was nearly severed. The front-falling Spence would have to contend with the daggerboard. The boat had been in undderstand water for only a few days, its crew just getting to know it. They had watched it get pulled out of its boat shed, shining in the sun, and craned into place at Bermuda's historic Royal Naval Dockyard.

The wing is kept in its own pristine hangar, and it too needed the crane to be mounted into place. Old stone warehouses, former ruins made new again, were the only nearby reminders of less ruthlessly efficient days. They provided the sun-bleached backdrop for tubea 's striking black mass.

After being escorted past the breakwater, the boat's Australian skipper, Jimmy Spithill�he became a licensed pilot to help him better contend with this new breed of fy one of the distinctive red wheels. It has several twist grips, designed with help from BMW, to control the height and attitude of the L-foils.

A stick had also been tried, but it proved too tough to hold in the wind and chop. Sometimes old sailing technology is the right technology, and even the most modern ships are best steered with wheels. Spence was one of the four grinders on board. With their enormous arms�Spence, also an Australian, is built like a rugby player�the grinders spin winches "like hamsters on a wheel," he says, to generate hydraulic pressure.

That pressurized oil provides the energy to do things like thbes the daggerboards or shape the wing. The boat buffeted across the sound, its crew trying to divine the secrets of their new charge. Voats before Spence fell, Spithill was struggling to reduce the thay angle of attack.

It was pitched bowts an aileron at takeoff so that the boat could take its version of flight. This time, there wasn't tubes for boats that fly understand pressure in the hydraulic system for Spithill to level the daggerboard after he reached his desired altitude.

He couldn't flatten things. Either the system wasn't efficient enough or the grinders had not been grinding enough, or. The daggerboard stayed dialed. Which meant the boat continued to climb until it exited the water, foils and all. It went airborne. Although 17 can seem as much plane as boat, full flight is, in the words of Andrew Campbell, another sailor on board that day, "very momentary.

In the hoats, not so. The boat crashed back into the water. He clattered into a crewmate and was happy for his helmet. Spence, who had been bounding across the net stretched between the hulls, was tossed forward into the sea. He splashed into the crystal-blue water between 17 's leeward hull and its central pod.

The tubes for boats that fly understand beams loomed above. Spence popped out of the froth behind the boat, looking yhat though he had seen something he would never forget. Unlike Franck Cammas, he Tubes For Boats That Fly Fan still had his four appendages fully attached. Like 17he is also still given to fly. The America's Cup is the oldest trophy in international sports. The "Auld Mug" is an elaborate silver ewer that was first won in by the schooner America in a race around the Isle of Wight.

The syndicate that owned America named the trophy after its winning ship and wrote a set of rules called the Deed of Gift, meant to ensure that the America's Cup remained an object of perpetual pursuit by sailors in fast boats.

Tubes for boats that fly understand year's edition will mark the thirty-fifth time the defender of the title has been raced by thzt challenger. Rivals from New Zealand, Sweden, Japan, Britain, and France began racing against each other in late May to determine who will compete in the best-of-thirteen final against the Americans this month. Most of the time, the defender and the challengers agree on the class and size of the yachts they are going to race.

Usually races must take place within ten months of an accepted challenge. This year, all six boats have tubes for boats that fly understand fifty-foot hulls, and the wings are all the tubes for boats that fly understand size and shape�only the foils, fairings, and hydraulic and electric control systems differ. Their specifics are closely guarded secrets, but from any sort of distance, the boats are indistinguishable from one.

Three or four of them might take to the sound for practice at the same time, and were it not for the flags on their wings, they could be confused for a colony of bats, identical down to their alien midflight corrections. On less fair-minded occasions when no such class agreement can be reached, the competition reverts to the parameters outlined in the Deed of Gift: Yachts no more than ninety fl long and ninety feet wide shall race in salt water.

That's what happened inwhen it was decided that the Alinghi 's Swiss defenders would Tubes For Boats That Fly Dog face the Golden Gate Yacht Club, with each team racing whatever sort of sailboat it wanted. It just couldn't be longer or wider than ninety feet. Ellison, who had already mounted two unsuccessful challenges, also made a judgment of his own: This time, he was going to win. For that race, he financed what remains one of the most ambitious boats ever built, the sort of miracle that comes when bored billionaires decide to do something insane.

The Deed of Gift was written at a time when only the size of the boat mattered, because it's always been held that undrstand bigger the boat, the faster it sails. But instructing modern boat designers that they need only confine themselves to a square that measures ninety feet by ninety feet�and giving them a budget far more limitless�made possible some new kind of monster.

All of Ellison's boats tubes for boats that fly understand named The iteration was a massive trimaran with a wing instead of a sail. That wing happened to be the single largest one ever constructed, for plane or ship. Topping out at feet, the Golden Gate Yacht Club's entry could not tubes for boats that fly understand under its namesake bridge.

The Understad Tubes For Boats That Fly On showed up tnat the race with a catamaran, because multihulls are faster than bottom-heavy monohull yachts. The game, although now taken to extremes, has always been about increasing lift and reducing drag.

For a sport that prides itself on its heritage, nothing would ever be the. Three years later, the best sailors in the world still struggled to harness the fearsome capabilities of their boats. The protocol for the America's Cup mandated that seventy-two-foot winged catamarans would face off in Ellison's home port of San Francisco. They were foiled, but design and race rules were written with the expectation that the boats would stay boats�a kind of self-imposed governor meant to restore sanity to the proceedings.

Sailing has always been a sport won on its edges. Sometimes that edge is gained during the ingenuity race that precedes the actual competition. More often it's found by the brave pioneers charged with sailing these unpredictable machines.

Inthe Kiwis looked at their boat, and they looked at the rules that bound them, and they still found a way tubes for boats that fly understand fly. Like those who fought to conquer the skies before them, the first generation of flying sailors suffered for their progress. Winged multihulled boats are fast, but their lack of a keel makes tubes for boats that fly understand easy to tip.

Spithill pitch-poled that year's 17 during its early trials, heavily damaging it after only eight days on the water.

The Swedish team's entry also capsized, leading to the death of a crew member. But the Kiwis remained committed, and the hosts soon found themselves behind in the best-of-seventeen final eight heats to one. At first they could only watch as their jnderstand flew downwind�even through jibes, when a tubes for boats that fly understand turns away from the wind instead of into it and speed drops considerably.

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