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08.01.2021, adminU-boat construction plans test Lohmeyer UUU Follow us on Twitter uboatnet. Despite the provisions of the Versailles Treaty indenying Germany construction and use of submarines, the German Naval Command fully intended to remain constructiob fait with all matters relating to the subject, To do this plan was planned that Germany should construct and test U-boats in other countries.
From the opportunity u-boat construction plans test provided by setting up N. Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw IVS. This firm, capitalised by three German yards, had its head office in the Hague. In Naval Ministry funds were put into IVS and an order was obtained from Turkey for two U-boats; there was also the prospect of building part of a new boat program for Spain. In charge constructiln Admiral Spindler.
He outlined his field of activity in his first action report u-hoat A significant part of the report related to the factors affecting the choice of U-boat type to be supplied to fill the future German naval requirement: one main factor was the teaching materials available for the needs of crew training.
Spindler also needed a combined team of active-service seamen and engineer branch officers to take part in testing the boats for the Turkish Navy. Naval Command considered connstruction on political grounds only retired personnel should be involved, together with highly experienced civilian staff.
The connection with the Turkish Navy resulted in two of the officers, who were in the transit crew, being asked by the Turkish Navy to set up a U-boat training school for their own crews. In Germany Tesy was actively establishing a training program, and in u-boat construction plans test with the Navy Arms Superintendent he managed to start a series of theoretical lectures on the U-boat for senior ensigns.
These took place from onwards, during the participants' torpedo cobstruction at the Torpedo and Radio U-boat construction plans test in Flensburg-M? From 18 to 21 May24 ensigns u-boat construction plans test the recruitment year received three 3-hour lectures on U-boat subjects.
On the engineer side, Spindler planned a training program for future U-boat engineers from onwards. The theme of these courses had already been discussedquestions having been posed as to how the knowledge of the use of the U-boats in the First World War could be preserved and developed.
Also, how were the majority of technical personnel to be provided, and what training equipment was available, and what needed to be supplied. As far as sea-training was concerned it could be arranged for u-boat construction plans test select cadre of future U- Boat Consstruction on board future projects of TVS, These problems were discussed iii a paper issued by the U-boat Office on The training program was however initiated by the course for 60 ensigns of the Class of which was given at the Marine Artillery School at Kiel construcion the early part of On the debit side was the cancellation of the planned course at Kiel Naval Academy for Engineers.
Schottky, who lectured on the course in earlytook over the U-boat Office from Spindler inand he made efforts to implement simulator training on ocnstruction UZ Boats and on the Roeder designed "F" and "T" devices constrution simulators. The UZ boats were for seamanship and torpedo-firing training. The idea was not, however, adopted by u-boat construction plans test Naval Ministry, and was not practicable for other reasons as.
However, Schottky and a mixed group of serving officers, retired officers, civilian engineers and officials managed to gain practical experience during the testing of the two Finnish boats Vetehinen [CV] and Vesihiisi [CV] in the summer of Teestdespite certain difficulties, the Spanish Boat E1 was also finished, Due to the close connections between TVS and the Navy Ministry and the further fact that the boat was built with German money, the Navy had a u-boat construction plans test deal of interest in the tests that were to be made on the boat, for it was also to be tested as consrruction prototype for the future submarine element of the German Navy UA and the two Type IA boats were u-boat construction plans test result.
A notable fact was the close co-operation that existed between the serving naval officers and the builders. Control of the actual building was in tet hands of Schottky and Hey both ex-Naval Architects and engineer officialswho had under them an experienced team and the support of the naval yard at Wilhelmshaven. A further addition, as an observer, was the technical chief of the submarine construction department, then existing under the code-name " Igewit.
Before submarine training could be set in motion, preparations had to be made at u-boat construction plans test different levels:. Further, following Schottky's instigation, a much greater amount of time was u-boat construction plans test on submarine subjects at the Naval School at M? Nevertheless there was consttruction no final date fixed for the start of the submarine program.
This was changed in following establishment of the building u-boxt for 16 submarines for the U-boat construction plans test by This necessitated submarine training becoming more formalised and gaining greater experience by taking part in voyages abroad and by occasional lectures.
The course was u-boat construction plans test last constructoon weeks, with taught hours, and hours daily on the "T" simulator. Building CV Vesikko allowed a much larger number of course members following her completion on 1. To cope with these increased numbers a cohstruction instructor was brought in, together with seven other personnel who were particularly qualified in the subject. Commander courses begin The first regular course for future commanders started on 3.
After three months training in theory and tactics there was further special training in the working of the gyro-compass, underwater sound location and escape apparatus.
Apart from u-boat construction plans test ten course members two further reserve officers were present. Following a heart attack suffered by Papenburg, Bra? The first two fully German submarines were planned to start building in Autumnand the u-boat construction plans test Reichswehrminister von Blomberg ordered the establishment of a submarine u-boat construction plans test in Kiel-Wik, work on which was to begin on 1.
The text crew at this school comprised eight officers, and NCO's and seamen, all of u-boat construction plans test assembled in Kiel in Summer As the planned submarine building did not take place, due to the changing political situation, the school ran just the one crew until Theoretical training included instruction in U-boat u-boat construction plans test from the point llans view of sailor and engineer, instruction in maintaining stability, weight distribution and trim maintenance above and below water, in both peacetime and war conditions.
Also included was the use of escape apparatus. Seamen received basic training in the practice of firing torpedoes, and officers and senior ratings in the use of the periscope. Simultaneously, engineering personnel were instructed on the diesel and electric propulsion units.
Training equipment included an electrically operated steering machine, as well as an electric periscope and a gyro compass installation.
Practical training was carried out with the aid of simulators - minesweepers - equipped with a constructjon stub trst in a covered deck compartment, with an engine installation comprised of half of the drive of a Type II and submarine steering equipment.
Training took u-boat construction plans test aboard these minesweepers and aboard CV in Finland from To take part in the latter seven pland and six NCO's were sent to Finland in the guise of tourists and students. As from constructikn. This would thus provide the crews of 14 large and two small boats U-boat Construction Plans 30 from UAS by the middle of Following the launch of the first of the U-boat construction plans test, Bra?
Papenburg had already been transferred to have control of U-boat building. The first U-boat to come into service went to UAS in the late summer of as a tewt boat. At the same time 28 seamen's branch and 9 engineering branch officers were posted to UAS. Among these were the later famous names of PrienSchepkeSch? U-boat Flotilla Weddigen was set up in Kiel on Practical Training patrols of from four to twenty days were made in these boats, although no torpedo firings were made at this time.
Torpedo firing training was undertaken at Flotilla, where battle-training and tactical instructions were carried. As the xonstruction rate of larger boats increased, so did the demand for trained crews. Kiel-Wik however did not have sufficient training or accommodation facilities to conwtruction with these large numbers, and so a UAS was established at Neustadt Holstein in May In the training boats were established within their own Flotilla, and in a special school of anti-submarine warfare was set up outside the UAS, which eventually came under the command of the BdU.
Events on this constructoon What happened on 1 April? U-boat of the u-voat U - 1 patrol 2 ships sunk 7, tons. U-boat Finder. From the Gallery U-boat u-boat construction plans test illustrations. Over 21, ships. The Preparation and construcfion of U-boat Crews Enter your search terms.
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In charge was Admiral Spindler. He outlined his field of activity in his first action report of A significant part of the report related to the factors affecting the choice of U-boat type to be supplied to fill the future German naval requirement: one main factor was the teaching materials available for the needs of crew training. Spindler also needed a combined team of active-service seamen and engineer branch officers to take part in testing the boats for the Turkish Navy.
Naval Command considered that on political grounds only retired personnel should be involved, together with highly experienced civilian staff. The connection with the Turkish Navy resulted in two of the officers, who were in the transit crew, being asked by the Turkish Navy to set up a U-boat training school for their own crews. In Germany Spindler was actively establishing a training program, and in conjunction with the Navy Arms Superintendent he managed to start a series of theoretical lectures on the U-boat for senior ensigns.
These took place from onwards, during the participants' torpedo courses at the Torpedo and Radio School in Flensburg-M? From 18 to 21 May , 24 ensigns of the recruitment year received three 3-hour lectures on U-boat subjects. On the engineer side, Spindler planned a training program for future U-boat engineers from onwards. The theme of these courses had already been discussed , questions having been posed as to how the knowledge of the use of the U-boats in the First World War could be preserved and developed.
Also, how were the majority of technical personnel to be provided, and what training equipment was available, and what needed to be supplied. As far as sea-training was concerned it could be arranged for a select cadre of future U- Boat Officers on board future projects of TVS, These problems were discussed iii a paper issued by the U-boat Office on The training program was however initiated by the course for 60 ensigns of the Class of which was given at the Marine Artillery School at Kiel in the early part of On the debit side was the cancellation of the planned course at Kiel Naval Academy for Engineers.
Schottky, who lectured on the course in early , took over the U-boat Office from Spindler in , and he made efforts to implement simulator training on the UZ Boats and on the Roeder designed "F" and "T" devices early simulators. The UZ boats were for U-boat Construction Plans Worker seamanship and torpedo-firing training.
The idea was not, however, adopted by the Naval Ministry, and was not practicable for other reasons as well. However, Schottky and a mixed group of serving officers, retired officers, civilian engineers and officials managed to gain practical experience during the testing of the two Finnish boats Vetehinen [CV] and Vesihiisi [CV] in the summer of In , despite certain difficulties, the Spanish Boat E1 was also finished, Due to the close connections between TVS and the Navy Ministry and the further fact that the boat was built with German money, the Navy had a great deal of interest in the tests that were to be made on the boat, for it was also to be tested as the prototype for the future submarine element of the German Navy UA and the two Type IA boats were the result.
A notable fact was the close co-operation that existed between the serving naval officers and the builders. Control of the actual building was in the hands of Schottky and Hey both ex-Naval Architects and engineer officials , who had under them an experienced team and the support of the naval yard at Wilhelmshaven.
A further addition, as an observer, was the technical chief of the submarine construction department, then existing under the code-name " Igewit. Before submarine training could be set in motion, preparations had to be made at three different levels:. Further, following Schottky's instigation, a much greater amount of time was spent on submarine subjects at the Naval School at M?
Nevertheless there was still no final date fixed for the start of the submarine program. This was changed in following establishment of the building plan for 16 submarines for the Navy by This necessitated submarine training becoming more formalised and gaining greater experience by taking part in voyages abroad and by occasional lectures.
The course was to last twelve weeks, with taught hours, and hours daily on the "T" simulator. Building CV Vesikko allowed a much larger number of course members following her completion on 1. To cope with these increased numbers a second instructor was brought in, together with seven other personnel who were particularly qualified in the subject. Commander courses begin The first regular course for future commanders started on 3.
After three months training in theory and tactics there was further special training in the working of the gyro-compass, underwater sound location and escape apparatus. Apart from the ten course members two further reserve officers were present. Following a heart attack suffered by Papenburg, Bra?
The first two fully German submarines were planned to start building in Autumn , and the then Reichswehrminister von Blomberg ordered the establishment of a submarine school in Kiel-Wik, work on which was to begin on 1.
The first crew at this school comprised eight officers, and NCO's and seamen, all of whom assembled in Kiel in Summer Being designed primarily for submerged use, the Type XXI's maximum surface speed The Type XXI was also much quieter than the VIIC, making it more difficult to detect when submerged and the design eliminated protruding components that created drag with earlier models.
The new, streamlined hull design allowed submerged speed of Older boats had to surface to sprint into position. This often revealed a boat's location, especially after aircraft became available U-boat Construction Plans Yoga for convoy escort. The Type XXI was also equipped with a creep motor for occasions when silent running was necessary.
The Type XXI was equipped with six bow torpedo tubes instead of the more common four and carried 23 torpedoes. The class also featured a very sensitive passive sonar for the time, housed in the "chin" of the hull. The Type XXIs also had better facilities than previous U-boat classes, with much roomier crew berths, and a freezer to prevent food spoilage. A post-war assessment of the Type XXI by the United States Navy concluded that while the design had some admirable features, it was seriously flawed.
The hydraulic system was over-complex, and its main elements were located outside the pressure hull. This made the system highly vulnerable to corrosion and damage. The snorkel was also badly designed, and difficult to use in practice. This was the first U-boat to be constructed of modular components to allow for the manufacture of the various components in different factories and subsequent assembly at the shipyard.
Each hull was constructed from nine prefabricated sections with final assembly at the shipyards. This new method allowed for a hypothetical construction time of less than six months per vessel, but in practice all the assembled U-boats were plagued with severe quality problems that required extensive post-production work and time to rectify. Of these, only two conducted combat patrols and neither sank any Allied ships.
This rendered the submarines highly vulnerable to depth charges , and gave them a lesser maximum diving depth than earlier U-boat designs. It was planned that final assembly of Type XXI boats would eventually be carried out in the Valentin submarine pens , a massive, bomb�hardened concrete bunker built at the small port of Farge , near Bremen.
A few weeks later the area was captured by the British Army. Due to the combination of design and construction problems, historian Clay Blair judged that "the XXI could not have made a big difference in the Battle of the Atlantic.
The commander of U claimed the U-boat had a British cruiser in her sights on 4 May when news of the German cease-fire was received. He further claimed she made a practice attack before leaving the scene undetected.
During , U , which had been scuttled at the end of the war, was raised and refitted as research vessel Wilhelm Bauer of the Bundesmarine. It was operated by both military and civilian crews for research purposes until During , it was made available for display to the public by the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven , Germany.
U became French submarine Roland Morillot. It was used for active service during the Suez Crisis in , and remained in commission until It was scrapped in Joint Intelligence Committee for the Joint Chiefs of Staff during January estimated the Soviet Navy then had 15 Type XXIs operational, could complete construction of 6 more within 2 months, and could build another 39 within a year and a half from prefabricated sections, since several factories producing Type XXI components and the assembly yard at Danzig had been captured by the Soviets at the end of World War II.
The four boats assigned by Potsdam were used in trials and tests until , then scuttled or used for weapon testing between and It was used for tests until being scrapped during November During November President Harry S.
Truman visited U ; the submarine dived to feet m with the President aboard. It was then modified to appear in wartime configuration for exhibit purposes. The wrecks of several Type XXI boats are known to exist. During , it was discovered that the partially scrapped remains of U , U , and U were still in the partially demolished "Elbe II" U-boat bunker in Hamburg. The bunker has since been filled in with gravel, although even that did not initially deter many souvenir hunters who measured the position of open hatches and dug down to them to allow the removal of artifacts.
U lies in feet 65 m of water 70 nautical miles km west of Key West , Florida. The boat has been visited by divers, but the depth makes this very difficult and the site is considered suitable for only advanced divers.
Four other boats lie off the coast of Northern Ireland, where they were sunk during as part of Operation Deadlight.
Both U and U were found by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney during his Operation Deadlight expeditions between and The Chinese-built Romeo-class submarines, and the subsequent Ming class , were based on Soviet blueprints.
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