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05.05.2021, adminVisit Here for the Full Course on Geography. You must be logged in to post a comment. Importance of Agriculture India is an agriculturally important country. Agriculture also produces raw materials for various industries India is second in the world in crop output, next to China. Types of Farming in India 1. Primitive subsistence farming : It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks.
It depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown. Intensive subsistence farming : This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land. It is done where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
Commercial farming : The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs e. The degree of commercialization varies from region to region. For example: Rice is a commercial crop on Punjab and Haryana, but in Orissa, it is a subsistence crop.
Slash and burn cultivation- Farmers clear a patch of land and produce crops to sustain their family. When soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and start cultivating in the same way on a fresh patch of land. This allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil. Productivity in this type of farming is low as fertilizers or modern inputs are not used.
It is the type of farming in which a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Plantations use capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. Kharif: It starts with the onset of the monsoon and continues till the beginning of winter June-July to September-October.
The kharif crops include rice, maize, millet, cotton, jute, groundnut, moong, urad, etc. Recently, paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. Rabi : It starts with the beginning of winter and continues till the beginning of summer October December to April-June.
The Rabi crops include wheat, barley, gram and oil seeds. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones help in the success of these crops.
The success of green revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan has also been an important factor in the growth of rabi crops 3. Zaid: This is a short crop season in between the rabi and the kharif season. Crops like watermelons, muskmelon, cucumber, some vegetables and fodder crops are the major crops.
India is the second largest producer in the world after China. Kharif crop which requires high temperature, above 25 degree Celsius and high humidity with annual rainfall above cm.
Grown in the plains of North and North-Eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan. Wheat Second most important cereal crop. Main food crop in North and North-Western part of the country. Requires cool growing season and bright sunshine at ripening time.
Requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. Millet Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India. Though, these are known as coarse grains, they have high nutritional value. Ragi is rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and roughage. It is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow soils.
Karnataka is the largest producer followed by Tamil Nadu. Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production. It is a rainfed crop grown in moist areas. Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.
Kharif crop which requires temperature between degree Celsius. And grows well in alluvial soil. In states like Bihar, it is grown as rabi crop also. Use of modern inputs like HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing Class 10th Ncert Geography Chapter 4 Notes Full production of maize. Pulses India is the largest producer as well as consumer of pulses in the world These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. All these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air , because of which it is grown in rotation with other crops.
Sugarcane It is a tropical as well as sub-tropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21 to 27 degree Celsius and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and cm. Can be grown on variety of soils and needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting.
India is the second largest producer after Brazil. Main source of sugar, jaggery, khandsari and molasses. Tea Example of plantation crop. Important beverage crop introduced in India by British. Tea plant grows well in Tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
Tea bushes require Class 10th Ncert Geography Chapter 4 Notes In English warm and moist free climate throughout the year. Tea requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour. Tea is processed within the tea garden to restore its freshness. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen is produced in India.
This variety is of great demand in the world. Leave a Reply Cancel reply You must be logged in to post a comment. Login with your Social ID.
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