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Question 1. If federalism works only in big countries, why did Belgium adopt it? Answer: Although Belgium is a small country with a population of a little over one crore, the ethnic composition of the country is very complex. People speak different languages, follow different religions and have different cultures.
In such a country, federalism works well. So, Belgium adopted it. Question 2. If agriculture and commerce are state subjects, why do we have ministers of agriculture and commerce in the Union cabinet?
Answer: The ministers of agriculture and commerce in the states work under the guidance of these ministers in the Union Cabinet. Also it is difficult for these ministers in the Union Cabinet to supervise these state subjects from Delhi.
Hence, it is wise to decentralise power to obtain the optimum result. Question 3. Prime Minister runs the country. Chief Minister runs the state. Logically, then, the chairperson of Zilla Parishad should run the district. Why does the D. Answer: Chairperson of Zilla Parishad only runs the government and district magistrate supervises the administration. DM is the officer of government and not the head of government.
Chairperson is elected whereas District Magistrate is appointed. Their primary duties are to collect tax and keep the district in order. The balance of power gives separate powers, duties and responsibilities to three branches of government i.
The executive includes the Prime Minister, Chief Minister and other elected representatives like zilla parishad members. Chairperson of Zilla Parishad is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of development programmes like health, housing, education, sanitation, roads, telecoms etc.
But he reports to the district collector according to organisational hierarchy. In addition to the efficient implementation of development programmes, DM is also responsible for other critical areas such as law and order, revenue, forest etc. Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa. Identify and shade three federal countries other than India on a blank outline political map of the world.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is differ it from that of Belgium. Answer: The similar feature between the two federal countries is that the central government has to share its powers with the state governments. State governments are not subordinate to the central government. The different feature is that in Belgium there is a provision of keeping the number of the Dutch and French-speaking ministers equal in the central government.
But in India, there is no such provision. Ministers are not taken in the central government on the basis of caste, religion or language, etc. Question 4. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example. Answer: Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the central government.
The central government can pass on orders to the provincial or the local government. But in a federal system, the central government cannot order the state government to do something. State government has power of its own for which it is not answerable to the central government. Both these governments are separately answerable to the people. Question 5. State any two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in Answer: In , the Constitution was amended to make the local government bodies more powerful and effective.
Question 6. Fill in the blanks. Since the United States is a a type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are b vis-a-vis the federal government. The local government before the Constitutional Amendment of did not possess any powers or resources personally. Also, before , elections irregularly took place and there was no symmetry in their conduct.
However, after the Constitutional Amendment of , they do have their share of powers which they derive from the state governments. Also, provisions for regular elections have been made and now elections take place after the end of every fixed tenure as decided.
Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions. Arman: The Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language. Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages. Option d i. Government power is divided between levels of government is a distinguishing feature of a federal government. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
Defence; B. Police; C. Agriculture; D. Education; E. Banking; F. Forests; G. Communications; H. Trade; I. Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched? In the above case all the options a, b, c seems to be correctly matched however option d not correctly matched.
In a federation, the powers of the federal and provincial governments are demarcated. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies. In the above case option c which states that both statements a and b are correct is the right option.
Federal: When powers are distributed among several states and are not concentrated only with the centre then it can be termed as federal. Panchayat Samiti: When a few gram panchayats which are mainly the decision-making body of the village are clubbed together then it is known as a panchayat Samiti.
Answer 1: Question 2: Identify and shade three federal countries other than India on a blank outline political map of the world. Answer 2: Creative answer and any other countries apart from the ones marked below can also be chosen by the students. Question 3: Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer 3: Belgium and India both are democratic governments and believe in the concept of separation of powers.
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