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18.07.2021, adminGoing through the step-wise solutions for every question too is highly important to bag a good clasw. Also in this article, you will find the Step-wise explanation for each and every question.
Going through them will help you in getting a better understanding of how to solve problems. Question 1 You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube? Answer: i Put the red litmus paper in all the test tubes, turn class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution turn.
The solution which turns red litmus to blue will be a basic solution. The blue litmus paper formed here can now be used to test the acidic solution.
The solution which turns the blue litmus paper to red will be the acidic class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution. Question 1 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper historry Answer: Curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels because these and other sour food-stuffs contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal compounds which can cause food poisoning and affect our health adversely.
Question 2 Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas? Answer: i Hydrogen H 2 gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal. Take some zinc granules in the test tube. Add about 5 mL dilute hydrochloric acid slowly. Soon the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid starts and hydrogen gas class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution evolved.
When passed through soap solution, it gets trapped into bubbles. Bring a burning candle near the soap bubble filled with gas. The soap bubble bursts and hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. Question 3 Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.
Answer: As the end product is calcium chloride and the gas formed is carbon dioxide, the metal sooution A must be calcium carbonate. Therefore, the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is. Question 1 Solurion do HCl, HNO 3etc show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution like alcohol and glucose do class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution show acidic character?
HCl, HNO 3. Therefore, alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character. Question 2 Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? Answer: The aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity due to the presence of charged particles called ions in it. Question 3 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
Question 4 While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water soluions not water to the acid? Answer: While diluting an acid it is recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid because if water is added to concentrated acid to dilute it, then a splution amount of heat is evolved at.
Answer: When a given amount of an acid is added to water, there is a fixed number of hydronium ions per volume of the solution. On dilution, the number of hydronium ions per volume decreases and concentration decreases.
Question 6 How is the concentration of hydroxide ions OH � affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide? Answer: The concentration of hydroxide ions will increase when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide, but it happens to a limited extent only after which the concentration becomes almost constant.
Question 1 You have two solutions A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic? Answer: A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater sllution 7 indicates a basic solution. Since solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration, solution A is acidic and chpter B is basic.
If yes, then why are these basic? But these are far less in number than OH � ions that is responsible for their basic nature. Question 4 Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate?
Answer: If the soil is too acidic having low pH then it is treated with materials like quick lime calcium oxide or slaked lime calcium hydroxide or chalk calcium carbonate. Question 1 What is the common cuapter of the compound CaOCl 2? Answer: Bleaching powder. Question 2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder. Answer: Slaked lime Ca OH 2.
Question 3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water. Answer: Sodium class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution. Question 4 What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated. Give the equation of the reaction involved? 10fh Solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide gas is evolved.
Question 5 Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water. Question 1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be a 1 b 4 c 5 d 10 Cass d Question 2 A solution reacts with crushed-egg shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky.
Question 4 Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? Question 6 Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it. The bulb does not glow in this case. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not acids. Question 7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does? Answer: Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it does solutiions contain any ionic compound like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it.
Rainwater, while falling to the class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution through the atmosphere, dissolves an soolutions gas carbon dioxide from the air and forms carbonic acid H 2 CO 3.
Hence, due to the presence clsas carbonic acid which provides ions to rainwater, the rainwater conducts electricity. Question 8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water? The acid produces hydrogen ions only in the presence of water. So in the absence of water, an acid will not form hydrogen ions and hence will not show its acidic behaviour. Which solution is a Neutral b Strongly alkaline c Strongly acidic d Weakly acidic e Weakly alkaline Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.
Question 10 Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why? Answer: Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A. Being strong acid, the hydrochloric acid solution contains a much greater amount of hydrogen ions in it due to which the fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube A containing hydrochloric acid.
The fizzing is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas which is formed by the action of acid on the magnesium metal of magnesium ribbon. Question class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns class 10th history chapter 2 ncert solutions solution curd? Explain your answer. Answer: pH of milk falls below 6 as chapher turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process.
Lactic acid present in it reduces its pH value. Question 12 A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Answer: a Milk is made slightly alkaline so that it may not get sour easily due to the formation of lactic acid in it. Question 13 Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain why? Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container because the presence of moisture can cause slow setting of plaster of Paris by bringing about its hydration.
This will make the plaster of Paris useless after. Question 14 What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples. Answer: The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. Question 15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda. Answer: Uses of washing soda : i Washing soda is used in glass, soap and paper industries.
Uses of baking soda : i Baking soda is used as an antacid in medicines to remove acidity of the stomach. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution respectively. Solution: The contents of each test tube would be identified by change in colour of red litmus paper.
For example, when we wet the red litmus paper with the basic solution, it changes into blue colour.
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It is Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
It is a political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change. Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German States. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduce the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
It refers a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of Nationalist sentiment. Which Treaty recognised Greece as an independent Nation? Who was Earnest Renan? What was the allegory of German States? Which priniciple was propounded by Montesquieu?
Name the personality related to Vienna Congress? What was zollverein? How was it responsible for economic unification of Germany? Who spearheaded the protestant movement in Ireland? Name the region whose inhabitants were broadly known as Slavs? Which Treaty was signed to bring about an end the changes brought about by Napoleonic Wars? In which year Vienna Congress was held?
Treaty of Constantinople 2. French Philosopher 3. Germania Heroism 4. Separation of Powers 5. Duke Metternich 6. It was a German Customs Union which abolished tariff barriers 7. Wolfe Tone 8. Balkans 9. Vienna Congress In the 18th century Germany, Italy, Switzerland was divided into many states and each had an independent ruler.
French Revolution It was the first expression of nationalism. It ended monarchy in France and gave power to the citizens. Revolutionary France mark the first political experiment in liberal democracy, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property owning men. Napoleonic code of It did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
Vienna Congress in representatives of the European powers � Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria � who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.
Women had form their own political associations, founded newspapers and taking part in political meeting and demonstrations. Despite this they were denied suffrage right during the election of the assembly. What is meant by Absolutist?
What do you understand by Utopian? It is a vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist. What is Plebiscite?
What is Conservatism? When was Zollverein formed? What does Romanticism refer? He was an Italian revolutionary who played a significant role in promoting the idea of a unified Italian state. He believed that nations were the natural units of mankind, and so Italy which was then divided into a number of small states and kingdoms had to be forged into a single unified republic.
During the s, he strived to put together a coherent programme for such a unitary Italian Republic. He also set up two secret societies, namely Young Italy and Young Europe. These societies helped in the dissemination of his ideas. What do you know about Count Camillo de Cavour? Of the seven states of Italy, only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.
Also, during and , crops failed in many parts of India, thereby resulting in acute food shortages. All this caused extensive anger and opposition against the British colonial rule, and the national movement of India headed towards a stronger, more definitive direction.
Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act. It gave the government autocratic powers to repress political activities besides allowing it to detain political prisoners without a trial, for two years. The Indian were outraged by this act as it was clearly undemocratic and oppressive, and hurt national sentiments and dignity.
Why Gandhi ji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhi ji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to various incidents of violence perpetrated by the masses, especially the Chauri Chaura incident in where the people clashed with the police, setting a police-station on fire.
Gandhi ji felt that the people were not yet ready for a mass struggle, and that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained for non-violent demonstrations. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha? The idea of satyagraha implies a unique method of mass agitation that emphasises the power of truth, and the need to search for truth.
It upholds the belief that if the cause is true and the fight is against injustice, then there is no need for physical force or coercion against the oppressor.
Gandhi ji believed that this dharma of non-violence could be the cause of national unity and harmony. Write a newspaper report on The Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Hundreds of innocent people including women and children were killed on this day in the indiscriminate firing by British soldiers.
This led to large scale strikes, clashes with police and attacks on government buildings by the enraged Indian people. Write a newspaper report on The Simon Commission.
It was because this body was to suggest constitutional changes in Indian governance, but it did not have any Indian members. The Congress and the Muslim League jointly demonstrated against it. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.
The image of Bharat Mata as painted by Abanindranath Tagore shows her as bestowing learning, food and clothing. She bears aesthetic quality as denoted by the mala held by her. This is similar to the image of Germania as painted by Philip Veit, where Ncert Solutions Class 10th History Chapter 2 Level she holds a sword, but looks more feminine.
The other painting of Bharat Mata is more manly in its representation. In it, she is shown as bearing power and authority as denoted by the lion and elephant beside her.
The latter image is more akin to the image of Germania by Lorenz Clasen, where she wields a sword and shield, and looks ready to fight. List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement. The different social groups that joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of were the urban middle class comprising lawyers, teachers and headmasters, students, peasants, tribals and workers.
Peasants, tribals and workers joined the movement from the countryside. They did so with hopes of self-emancipation. Peasants rebelled against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents and also forced them to do begar or free labour.
Tribal peasants revolted against the enclosure of large forest tracts by the British government, which left them devoid of a livelihood as well as traditional rights. Plantation workers, on the other hand, desired freedom to move about and retain links with the villages they came from. All three believed that Gandhi Raj would come with the Non-Cooperation Movement, and this would mark an end to their sorrows.
Hence, they joined the anti-colonial struggle. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism. The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because it was done in revolt against a commodity�salt, used by the rich and the poor alike.
The tax on salt, and the government monopoly over its production was a severely oppressive administrative move. The Salt March was effective also because Gandhi ji met a large number of commoners during the march and he taught them the true meaning of swaraj and non-violence.
By peacefully defying a law and making salt against government orders, Gandhi ji set forth an example to the whole nation of how the oppressor could be confronted in a non-violent manner.
This also led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life. Information about conduct of Kings: Inscriptions describe the conduct and character of the kings quite well. It is through the inscriptions only that we know Asoka worked for the welfare of the masses.
Information about administration: Inscriptions gave information about administration. It is through the inscription. We know that Asoka appointed his son as a Viceroy.
Land settlement and Taxes: inscriptions mention how land were granted or gifted. It also talks about various taxes imposed by the ruler. There is hardly any area of governance of our life that is not mentioned in the inscriptions.
Hence, we are inclined to agree with D. Discuss the notions of kingship that developed in the post-Mauryan period. Ans: In the post-Mauryan age, the idea of kingship got associated with divine theory of state. Now, the monarchs began to talk about divine sanction to rule the people. Kushan rulers propagated the idea of the same at the unprecented scale.
They ruled from central Asia to western India. We can discuss the kingship based on the dynasties. Kushan Kings: Kushan Kings called themselves Devputra and hence, godly status. They built great statues of themselves in temples. Gupta Rulers: Second development of kingship is found during Gupta dynasty. It was a period of large-sized states. Such states were dependent on Samantas who sometimes became powerful enough to usurp the power of kings too.
Literature, coins and inscriptions helped us in creating history of those days. Very often poets would describe the monarch often to praise them but giving insight into the history and kingship too. A good example is of Harisena who praised Samudragupta, the great Gupta ruler.
To what extent were agricultural practices transformed in the period under consideration? Ans: The demand for taxes increased in the post BC. In order to meet the demand of excessive taxes, without taking lesser produce, forced the farmers to increase productivity. This resulted in the use of new tools and practices of agriculture. The important ones are as follows: 1. Use of plough: Ploughs became commonplace. They were hardly heard of in the past.
The use of ploughs began in the Ganga and Cauvery basins. In places where rain was abundant, the plough was used with iron tip. This increased the paddy production manifold. Use of spade: Another tool that changed the system of agriculture is spade. Those farmers who lived in the areas of harsh land used spade. Artificial Irrigation: Apart from rainfall, the farmers now began to look at artificial form of irrigation.
This prompted farmers to build wells, ponds, and � canals often collectively. This increased the agricultural production. The production increased due to new technology and tools.
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