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Yuyuen was sunk in action during the Sino-French War ; Haian survived, but was hulked after being used as a blockship in the same war, and was scrapped years later. Sagunto also Amadeo I. Designed as a gun screw-propelled frigate but turned into an armored frigate during construction. The hull was wooden but fully covered by iron plates. Turned into a hulk in A gun frigate of the Portuguese Navy. It became a training ship in and was permanently moored at Lisbon after Despite this, it was named the flagship of Portugal's European squadron in Two years later it became a naval school and museum ship.
It is currently displayed in Almada. A Spanish armored frigate built in Cartagena with a wooden hull covered by iron plates. Became a torpedo training ship in Cutty Sark [20]. Built as one of the last and fastest clippers for the tea trade with China, it switched to transporting wool from Australia after the Suez Canal was built. It was sold to a Portuguese company and used as a cargo ship between and , when it was reacquired by British citizens and eventually restored for exhibition. Sister ships reputed at once to be the heaviest wooden ships ever built, the fastest steaming wooden ships, and the slowest-sailing ironclads in the Royal Navy.
Both served in the Channel Fleet and the Mediterranean Squadron. Lord Clyde was plagued with engineering problems and was sold for scrap after it run aground and its hull was found to be rotten. Lord Warden had a more distinguished career, serving in the Reserve at the Firth of Forth after leaving the Mediterranean. A Spanish ironclad with a wooden hull covered entirely by iron plates.
It served mostly in the Caribbean. HMS Galatea. First armored frigate built in Spain, in the Ferrol royal shipyard , with a wooden hull covered by iron plates.
She burned as a result of sabotage during the Cantonal Revolution. A Kuwaiti non-seagoing model of a dhow , reputed to be the largest ever built. Lost in a heavy storm three days after leaving Noumea, New Caledonia , for Delaware with a cargo of 3, tons of nickel ore.
This ship used also iron bolts and steel reinforcements. It sank at night, due to unruly weather, but without loss of life or cargo. It was equipped with an 8-boiler steam engine and a propeller that could be retracted to streamline the hull when sailing under sail only. It saw action during the Crimean War , and was used as a school ship after Morning Light later Jacob Fritz. Largest vessel in British North America at the time of its construction.
Sold to a German company in , and found wrecked and abandoned north of New Jersey , in Sister gun ships that were the last commissioned three-deckers ships of the line of the Royal Navy. The hulls were strapped with diagonal iron riders for extra stability, and they combined sail propulsion with a two-funnel marine steam engine that made them among the fastest ships of the line ever built.
This Wood Ship Construction Models galleon featured guns, and space for marines and a man-strong crew. She was the largest ship of her time. First ocean-going ironclad, developed in response to the use of explosive shells in the Crimean War. A full-rigged ship intended to be the largest wooden ship built in Canada, but the hull had to be shortened after the keel's timber was damaged during construction.
It transported cargo between South America and Australia, and between the United States and Canada, during her career. HMS Algiers. A screw-propelled, gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched after several changes in design since first conceived in Saw action at the Crimean War before being transferred to Malta and British home waters.
A gun ship of the line of the French Navy, the first purpose-built steam battleship in the world, and the first screw battleship. A gun screw-propelled first-rate three-decker line-of-battle ship of the Royal Navy. Renamed in and hulked in Sovereign of the Seas. It wrecked on the Strait of Malacca while covering the route between Hamburg and China.
It the largest warship in the world for several years. The ship-of-the-line that was 76 m ft long with a beam of 21 m 69 ft , was armed with cannon on three decks with complement of 1, She participated in many naval battles, including the Siege of Sevastopol � during the Crimean War. A paddle steamer that was the second steamship built for the trans-Atlantic route and the largest passenger liner at the time it was built. HMS Atlas later Atlas.
A gun second rate ship of the line that was never completed and spent her entire career in reserve and later, as a civilian-owned hospital ship. City of Adelaide [24]. A clipper ship built to transport passengers and goods between Britain and Australia. In she became a floating hospital, and between and she served in the Royal Navy as a school ship, HMS Carrick.
After being displayed in Scotland for decades, it was moved to its namesake Port Adelaide in County of Yarmouth.
A full-rigged ship built for trade with South America. It was dismasted and set to be broken up in , but it was purchased in the last moment by the Argentinian Navy. Its later fate is unknown. SS President. The largest passenger liner in the world, and the first steamship lost on the trans-Atlantic route when it disappeared on its third voyage with all people on board. George Spencer. A lake freighter built to carry iron ore on the Great Lakes. She wrecked in the infamous Mataafa Storm of Keangsoo later Kasuga.
A paddle steamer commissioned in the Isle of Wight by Prince Gong of the Qing Dynasty for use in the Taiping Rebellion , but never delivered as the British crew refused to Wooden Ship Building Plans Zone take orders from Chinese officers.
HMS Royal Sovereign. Designed as a gun first rate ship of the line but modified to a gun screw ship during construction. In , she was razed and further converted to an experimental armored turret ship for coastal defence , the first built in Britain as well as the smallest and only with a wooden hull. Sister gun screw-propelled, first rate ships of the line of the Royal Navy. Conqueror was wrecked in the Bahamas while carrying troops to the French Intervention in Mexico , but all aboard could be saved.
Donegal served in Mexico, Liverpool and China until , when it was hulked and merged into the Torpedo School at Portsmouth under the name Vernon. Scrapped in , some of her timbers were used to build the Prince of Wales public house in Brighouse. Michael later Grande Nef d'Ecosse.
Second Nemi ship. Believed to have been used as a pleasure barge or floating palace by Caligula. First gun screw two-decker ship of the line of the Royal Navy. It later served as inspiration for the slightly longer HMS Conqueror. Saw action at the Crimean War. Lealtad class. Three sister steam and sail-powered armored frigates with wooden hulls that served in the French Intervention in Mexico , the Chincha Islands War and the Cantonal Revolution.
Great Western. A steamship designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for regular transatlantic steam "packet boat" service. In addition to the paddle wheels, she carried four masts for supplementary propulsion and stability. Ville de Nantes class. A prestige flagship of the English Royal Navy , designed as a gun first-rate ship of the line but launched with guns at the insistence of Charles I.
Her most extravagant decoration earned her the nickname of "Golden Devil". A screw-propelled steam frigate of the Royal Danish Navy , it saw action at the Battle of Heligoland Currently preserved in Ebeltoft. Agamemnon was one of two ships used to lay the first Transatlantic telegraph cable in Victor Emmanuel served in the English Channel, Mediterranean and Africa during the Anglo-Ashanti wars before it was stationed as a hospital and receiving ship in Hong Kong , in Agamemnon was broken up in and Victor Emmanuel was sold out in First Nemi ship.
A slightly smaller ship discovered in Lake Nemi and built around the same time as the second ship; its purpose is unknown. Also destroyed in World War II. HMS Victory. A gun ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Oldest naval ship still in commission and the only remaining ship of the line. Currently in dry dock at Portsmouth as a museum ship. It is the flagship of the First Sea Lord. A warship sunk on her maiden voyage when a gale forced water onto the ship; she fell over on her port side and sank.
The ship was well preserved and recovered relatively intact in She is now in the Vasa Museum in Stockholm , Sweden. Joseph H. A cargo ship wrecked and looted by locals off the coast of Torquay , Australia. Twelve Spanish sister ships of the line built in the Ferrol royal shipyards under supervision of the Marquis of Ensenada and nicknamed "the Twelve Apostles ".
They had between 68 and 74 guns each. Royal Albert. A gun three-decker of the Royal Navy, designed as sail-powered only but converted to screw propulsion during construction. Britannia class. Wooden paddlers that were the first fleet of the Cunard Line and the first year round scheduled Atlantic steamship service, with a capacity for passengers.
Most units were sold to different European navies in � Twin sister ships of the line, the last built in Spain. Isabel II served in Mexico and Morocco before becoming a school ship in , a hulk in , and a prison ship in ; she sunk in but was salvaged and broken up. HMS Queen. Refitted and converted to screw propulsion in Grace Dieu. An English carrack used as King Henry V 's flagship.
She burned after being hit by lightning. HMS Princess Royal. A three-masted barque. The beached ship burned to the waterline in , but the lower hull was buried and preserved in river silt. Named after the French frigate but built following the plans of the British frigate HMS Concorde , both smaller.
Construction started in and used mostly traditional tools and techniques. Kong Sverre. A steam and sail powered frigate of the Royal Norwegian Navy originally planned to be "Europe's Horror", the most technologically advanced warship in the world.
However, after several delays in construction, it was found already obsolete at the time of launch and it spent most of its career in storage at a harbor.
It was a school ship between and , when it was put again in storage due to poor maintenance, and was never fit for service again. Largest three-decker of the French Navy and largest tall ship ever built in France. Unlike other sail ships of its time, it was never modified for steam power despite being difficult to manoeuvre, and often had to be towed by smaller steam ships during its service in the Crimean War.
It was turned into a school ship in USS Pennsylvania. Largest and most heavily armed American wooden sailing warship. It mounted guns and made only one voyage. After being laid up at the Norfolk Navy Yard for several years, it was burned to prevent its capture by the Confederates at the start of the American Civil War.
The last Canadian square-rigger barque of large tonnage, built for trade with South America and Britain. It was made of spruce but fastened with copper and iron. Converted to a transport ship in World War I and sunk during a storm off the coast of Wales in Built as a prototype for a new German Navy class of ocean-going minesweepers with an all- glued laminated timber hull that never entered production.
It served as a trials ship until , when it was rebuilt as a training and support vessel for mine-clearing divers, renamed and recommissioned in this capacity. Caledonia class. Originally sail-powered, they were all converted to steam in the s. Rodney class. Three gun second rate ships of the line.
They were among the last unarmored ships of the Royal Navy to be in full commission. Albion class. Hercule class. The first were sail powered only; later units were converted to steam, and the last one was built with an engine. USS Constitution. The second-oldest commissioned warship after the Royal Navy's HMS Victory in the world and the oldest wooden ship still sailing.
A gun first-rate triple-decker of the Royal Navy. Served as a gunnery ship off Plymouth after Nelson class. All three units built were sail-powered only originally, though the first HMS Nelson was given a steam engine in Royal Louis. A gun First-rate ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. Duquesne Tourville. Sister gun sail and steam ships of the line that were used in the Crimean War and the French Intervention in Mexico.
Later on, Duquesne was used as floating barracks, and Tourville as a prison ship for survivors of the Paris Commune. One of the few four-deckers ever built with guns. Despite this, it saw extensive action in the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars , even surviving and escaping successfully after being attacked by four warships and losing all her sails at the Battle of Cape St.
It was ultimately captured and scuttled after the Battle of Trafalgar. An extreme composite clipper, built to replace the ship of the same name wrecked the year before, which had been the favorite of the company owner, Jock Willis.
Disappeared while sailing from Adelaide, Australia to London. After sustaining great damage in the Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue , it docked at Cherbourg for repairs, where it was surprised and subsequently destroyed.
USS Constellation. A sloop-of-war and the last sail-only warship designed and built by the US Navy. The second Constellation served in the American Civil War. Fu Po. It was hulked in , but was refitted for service in as a response to piracy. Suffren class. A gun ship of the line design of the French Navy, first to have straight walls instead of tumblehome.
The heightened center of gravity was compensated with new underwater stabilisers. All units completed after were modified to have steam in addition to sail power. A gun elevated to in ship of the line of the French Navy.
Dismasted at the Glorious First of June , it narrowly avoided capture and was restored to service. Commerce de Paris class. Auguste later Jacobin. An gun ship of the line active in the American and French revolutionary wars. Sunk during a storm along with most of her crew. Twin gun ships of the line, with a design inspired on HMS Victory. Their fate after being sold out of the Royal Navy in and respectively , is unknown. Ordered as a gun second rate but re-rated and launched as a gun first rate ship of the line.
It was placed on harbor service in , hulked in , and renamed HMS Pitt in It was sold out of the Navy in La Real. Though victorious in its duel with the Ottoman flagship Sultana , it was so damaged upon its return to Messina that the victory feast was not made aboard. Its fate is unknown but it might have sunk there shortly after.
A gun, first rate ship of the line of the French Navy. Saw action during the American Revolutionary War. Saint-Esprit class. Three gun ships of the line Saint-Esprit , Languedoc , and Couronne. Although considered sisters , each was built with a different design. HMS Calcutta. An gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Initially put in reserve, she was mobilized for the Crimean War in but saw no action as it was deemed obsolete for modern naval warfare. However, she later served as a flagship in the Second Opium War.
Since , she served as a gunnery ship and was moored at Devonport. A gun French ship of the line deployed against the Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean and at the Caribbean theater of the American Revolutionary War , where its captain was killed in action at the Battle of Grenada. After being decommissioned twice from the Navy, it became a merchantman for the Compagnie de Chine.
Santa Ana class. Eight sister ships of the line built in Ferrol that served in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic during the Napoleonic Wars. Also called "Los Meregildos" after San Hermenegildo , built in Tonnant class Bucentaure class. During the encounter, it run aground and was burnt by its own crew to prevent its capture by the British. It was the first gun two-decker to use the pounder long gun on her second battery, rising its firing power to that of a three-decker.
Canopus class. A Spanish gun ship of the line built in Ferrol, but based on French designs. Served in the Pacific until , when she sailed to Europe with a cargo of precious metals and several prisoners of Tupac Amaru II 's rebellion, then sunk off Peniche , Portugal with great loss of life.
An gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Renamed in and sold in , its later fate is unknown. HMS Sans Pareil. A Royal Navy gun screw propelled ship of the line, based on the lines of a French Tonnant class of the same name captured in HMS Rochfort.
Built in Stockholm for trade with China and named after Gothenburg , the home port of the Swedish fleet. All men aboard survived and most of its cargo could be salvaged. The shipwreck, which remained visible from the surface for several years, was excavated in � Built in the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard in Upper Canada during the War of to fight on the Great Lakes , the only British ship of the line to be launched and entirely operated on freshwater.
She never saw action and was decommissioned already in In she was sold to a private company and was used as a storage hulk until her sinking. First rate ships of the line of the Royal Navy active in the Napoleonic wars.
The first two were built to the same design and carried guns; Ville de Paris named after a captured French ship carried A corvette flagship of the Fujian Fleet , and the largest ship built at the Foochow Arsenal during the Imperial Fleet's westernization program of � Vanguard -class.
Nine were completed under the original sail ship design, and others were modified or converted into steam. A gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built to replace the ship of the same name lost in Assigned to anti-slavery and anti- smuggling patrol off the coast of Africa until , when she became a training ship.
It fell into disrepair and Wood Ship Construction Valves eventually rotted away while being anchored in Manila. Sigyn later Sigyn. A Swedish trade barque, sold to Finland in Currently preserved in Turku. Six Corps. A gun ship of the line in the French reserve fleet , named after the six merchant guilds of Paris , who donated the money for its construction. A gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy.
From she served as a training ship at Wellesley Nautical School. Formidable later HMS Ham. Flagship of the French Mediterranean galley fleet, built in Marseilles. French flagship at the Battle of Lagos , where it ran aground and was burnt by the British. Dutch East India Company ship wrecked near the Houtman Abrolhos off western Australia , as a result of a failed mutiny. Though only 40 people of aboard died in the sinking, over perished later as a result of the lack of drinking water and infighting among the survivors.
Batavia replica. Seaworthy replica of the ship, built in and currently housed at the Bataviawerf in Lelystad. A gun first-rate ship of the line, named after a smaller, earlier ship it replaced. Duc de Bourgogne later Peuple. An gun ship of the line and flagship of the French expeditionary fleet to assist the North American rebels during the American Revolutionary War; it carried the Count of Rochambeau and saw action at the Battle of the Saintes.
Its hull was coppered in Twin gun ships of the line of the French Navy during the Revolutionary Wars. Marco Polo. First cargo and emigrant ship to sail from England to Australia in under six months. It was run aground off Cavendish, Prince Edward Island deliberately when its pumps failed during a storm. Neptune class. Three gun second rate ships of the line of the Royal Navy, mostly used during the Napoleonic Wars. Flagship of the Brest fleet during the American Revolutionary War, with guns.
Santa Rosa. A Portuguese galleon destroyed by an accidental gunpowder explosion while sailing in convoy from Salvador, Brazil to Lisbon. It previously saw action against the Ottomans in the Mediterranean. City of Adelaide British Queen Lawrence [32]. Haian Yuyuen Tek Sing c. Jylland Kaskelot HMS Sovereign of the Seas On a small boat, ribs or frames are often one piece and can be made by steaming wood and bending it. They run perpendicular to the keel.
Frames were made of a number of pieces called futtocks Futtocks The four or five individual pieces of wood in a vessel's frame or rib. Bottom futtocks are called floors Floor The lower part of a transverse frame of a ship running each side of the keelson to the bilges.
In general shipbuilding, this part of the frame is an approximately horizontal platform extending to the ship's sides at the point where they begin to turn up towards the vertical. The shipbuilder made patterns from the design on the loft floor, which he used to choose the best-shaped timbers.
Ship's carpenters Ship carpenter ship's carpenter A petty officer, responsible to the chief officer, whose duties include the opening and battening down of hatches and cargo ports, and maintaining wooden masts, spars, and decks. A ship's carpenter can also work in a shipyard, building vessels.
Originally a shipbuilding tool. The futtocks were scarfed, bolted, and fastened with treenails Treenail trunnel Commonly pronounced "trunnel" or "trunnels"; wooden spikes or pins, often made of locust wood. Shipbuilders hoisted the finished frames into place one by one, atop the keel, forming the basic skeleton of the ship. To strengthen the skeleton, a second keel, called a keelson Keelson A second keel, built over the keel, on top of the floor timbers of the frames, to strengthen the vessel's skeleton.
As additional structure was added to the ship, it became ready for planking Planking Lengths of wood fastened to the outside of a vessel's frames forming the outside skin, and attached to the beams to form the deck. Long planks were bent length wise around the hull Not only did they have to be cut correctly to fit the hull, they had to have their edges prepared for caulking Caulk caulking, corking To drive oakum or cotton into the seams of a vessel's deck or sides, to make it watertight.
After the oakum is driven in with a caulking iron or mallet, the seam is "payed" or coated with hot pitch or other compound to prevent the oakum from rotting. When all of the deck beams were in place, ship's carpenters laid the deck planking.
Another type of planking is called the ceiling Ceiling The inside planking of a ship. Despite its name, the ceiling acts as a floor to the cargo hold, and it provides additional longitudinal strength for the hull. Caulking makes the hull watertight. Oakum Oakum A caulking material made of tarred rope fibers. Named as such as the Phillipines were a primary source for this rot-resistant natural fiber rope, the most important maritime rope material before the advent of petroleum-based fibers like nylon and polypropylene.
The fibers are usually tarred as a preservative. The caulker drove a few strands into the seam with a caulking iron Caulking iron Used to drive caulking material into the gaps between the vessel's planking.
The mallet made a knocking sound that told the caulker how far the oakum was in the seam. After the seam was fully caulked, it was payed Pay payed verb To pour hot pitch into a deck or side seam after it has been caulked with oakum, in order to prevent the oakum from getting wet.
Also, to dress a mast or yard with tar, varnish, or tallow, or to cover the bottom of a vessel with a mixture of sulphur, rosin, and tallow or in modern days, an anti-fouling mixture. Ship joiners Joiner joinery A carpenter who finishes interior woodwork. Joinery is the interior woodwork. They built and finished the deck houses, the galley Galley joinery The kitchen on board a vessel. Read more was often very elaborate and required highly-skilled joinery work.
Painters applied coatings to protect the wood. After the ship was launched, the crew became painters, for painting never ended.
Sometimes a vessel had a figurehead Figurehead A carved wooden statue or figure attached to the bow under the bowsprit of a vessel. The figurehead was mounted on the bow Bow Forward part or head of a vessel. While the hull was being built, spar Spar A round timber or metal pole used for masts, yards, booms, etc.
After the Civil War, most spar timber came from the West Coast, which had a large supply of Sitka spruce and Douglas fir. After squaring and tapering the timber, spar makers shaped the spar into an eight-sided timber and finished it round. Shipbuilders used shear legs Shear legs shears A temporary structure of two or three spars raised at an angle and lashed together at the point of intersection. Riggers Rigging The term for all ropes, wires, or chains used in ships and smaller vessels to support the masts and yards standing rigging and for hoisting, lowering, or trimming sails to the wind running rigging.
Running rigging lines move through blocks and are not wormed, parceled, or served.
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