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22.06.2021, adminIn the 15th and 16th centuries it wooden kitchens design 11 as the main residence and administrative headquarters kitcbens the Ottoman sultans. Construction, ordered by the Sultan Mehmed the Conquerorbegan insix years after the conquest woodne Constantinople. It was given [ by whom?
The palace complex consists of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. Female members of the Sultan's family lived in the haremand leading state officials, including the Grand Vizierheld meetings in the Imperial Council building.
The sultans of that period preferred to spend more time in their new palaces along the Bosphorus. The palace complex has hundreds of rooms and chambers, but only the most important are accessible to the public as of [update]including the Ottoman Imperial Harem and the treasury, called hazine where kitcehns Spoonmaker's Diamond and the Topkapi Dagger are kitchenw display.
The museum collection also includes Ottoman clothingweaponsarmor, miniaturesreligious relics, and illuminated manuscripts such as the Topkapi manuscript. Officials of the ministry as well as armed guards of the Turkish military guard the complex. The terrain is hilly and the palace itself is located at one of the highest points close to the sea. During Greek and Byzantine times, the acropolis of the ancient Greek city of Byzantion stood.
According to an account of the contemporary historian Critobulus of Imbros the sultan "took care to summon the very best workmen from everywhere � masons and stonecutters and carpenters For he was constructing great edifices which were to be worth seeing and should in every respect vie with the greatest and wooden kitchens design 11 of the past.
Kritovolous gives the dates �; other sources suggest construction was completed in the late s. Mehmed II established the basic layout of the palace. His private quarters would be located at the highest point of the promontory. This basic layout governed the pattern of future renovations and extensions. European travellers described it as "irregular, asymmetric, non-axial, and [of] un-monumental proportions". Ottomans called it "The Palace of Felicity".
The principle of imperial seclusion is wooden kitchens design 11 tradition that was codified by Mehmed II in and in the Kanunname Code, which regulated the rank order of court officials, the administrative hierarchy, wooden kitchens design 11 protocol matters.
The architects had to ensure that even within the palace, the sultan and his family could enjoy a maximum of privacy and discretion, making use of wooden kitchens design 11 windows and building secret passageways. Later sultans made various wwooden to the palace, though Mehmed II's basic layout was mostly preserved.
The palace was significantly expanded between andduring the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent. The Ottoman Empire had expanded rapidly and Suleyman wanted his residence to reflect its growing power. Inafter a great fire destroyed the kitchens, Mimar Sinan was entrusted by Sultan Selim II to rebuild the damaged parts of the palace. Mimar Sinan restored desogn expanded not only the wooden kitchens design 11 areas, but also the Harem, baths, the Privy Chamber and various shoreline pavilions.
By the end of the 16th century, the palace had acquired its present appearance. Few of the buildings exceed two stories. The first courtyard was the most accessible, while the fourth courtyard and the harem were the most inaccessible. Access to these courtyards was restricted by high walls and controlled with gates. Apart from the four to five main courtyards, various other small to mid-sized courtyards exist throughout the complex. Estimates of the total size of the complex varies from aroundm 2 The main street leading to the palace is the Byzantine processional Mese avenue, known today as Divan Yolu Council Street.
This street was used for imperial processions during the Byzantine and Ottoman era. The Imperial Gate is the main entrance into the First Courtyard. Its central arch leads to a high-domed passage; gilded Ottoman calligraphy adorns the structure at the top, with verses from the Qur'an and tughras of the sultans.
According to old documents, there was a wooden apartment above the gate area until the second half of the 19th century. It has also been used as a vantage point for the ladies of the harem on special occasions. Surrounded by high walls, the First Courtyard I. The steep slopes leading towards the sea had already been terraced under Byzantine rule.
The Byzantine church of Hagia Irene was used by the Ottomans as a storehouse and imperial armoury. Court officials and janissaries would line the path dressed in their best garb.
Visitors entering the palace would follow the path towards the Wooden kitchens design 11 of Salutation and the Second Courtyard of the palace. This crenellated gate has two large, pointed octagonal towers. Its date of construction is uncertain; the architecture of the towers appears to be dezign Byzantine influence.
The gate is richly decorated with religious inscriptions and monograms of sultans. Passage through the gate was tightly controlled and all visitors had to dismount, since only the sultan was allowed to enter the gate on horseback.
It is located on the right side when facing the Wooden kitchens design 11 of Salutation from the First Courtyard. Through the middle gate is the Second Courtyard II. The courtyard was probably completed aroundduring the reign of Mehmed II. It received its final appearance around � during the reign of Suleyman I. At the end of the courtyard, the Gate of Felicity marks the entrance to the Third Courtyard.
Numerous artifacts from the Roman and Byzantine periods that have been found on the palace site during recent excavations, including sarcophagiare on display in the Second Courtyard in front of the imperial kitchens. Located underneath the Second Courtyard is a cistern that dates to Byzantine times.
Some foreign dignitaries, including the French ambassador Philippe du Fresne-Canayehave written accounts about these audiences. A vast collection of harness "treasures" Raht Hazinesi are kept wooden kitchens design 11 the privy stables. The responsibilities of the halberdiers included carrying wood to the palace rooms and service for some of the palace quarters.
The halberdiers wore long tresses mitchens signify their higher position. The first kitchenz of this corps is aroundwhen they were established to clear the roads ahead of the army during a woodem. The dormitory was founded in the 15th century. The dormitories are constructed around a main courtyard in the traditional layout of an Ottoman house, with baths and a mosque, as well as recreational rooms such as a pipe-room.
On the outside and inside of the complex, many pious wooden kitchens design 11 inscriptions about the various duties and upkeep of the quarters can be. In contrast to the rest of woden palace, the quarters are constructed of red and green painted wood.
They were modeled on the kitchens of Edirne Palace. After the fire ofwhich damaged the kitchens, they were remodeled by the court architect Mimar Sinan. The kitchens are located on an internal street stretching between the Second Courtyard and the Marmara Sea. The entrance to this section is through the three doors in the portico of the Second Courtyard: the Imperial commissariat lower kitchen door, imperial kitchen door and the confectionery kitchen door.
They wooden kitchens design 11 the largest kitchens in the Ottoman Empire. Food was prepared for about 4, people and the kitchen staff woode of more than people. The kitchens included dormitories, baths and a mosque for the employees, most of which disappeared over time. Apart from exhibiting kitchen utensils, today the buildings contain kithens silver gifts collection, as well as a large collection of porcelain.
The Ottomans had access to Chinese porcelains from the mid-fifteenth century onward. The pieces include celadons as well as blue and white porcelain. The Japanese collection is mainly Imari porcelaindating from the kithcens to the 19th centuries.
Researchers believe that Ottoman tastes changed over time to favor various wooden kitchens design 11 of European porcelain by the 18th century.
It had to be restored after the Harem fire of There are multiple entrances to the council hall, both from inside the palace and from the courtyard. The porch consists of multiple marble and porphyry pillars, with an ornate green and white-coloured wooden ceiling decorated with gold. The exterior entrances into the kitcjens are in the rococo style, with gilded grills to admit natural light. While the pillars are an earlier Ottoman style, the wall paintings and decorations are from the later rococo period.
Inside, the Imperial Council building consists of three kicthens main rooms. The 15th century Divanhanebuilt with a wooden portico at the corner of the Divan Courtwas later wooden kitchens design 11 as the mosque of the council.
The Sultan or the Valide Sultan was able to follow deliberations of the council without being noticed from a window wooden kitchens design 11 a golden grill. From this window, his Noble Excellency sometimes watched the events of the divan, checking the truth of affairs.
The Tower of Justice is several stories high and the tallest structure in the palace, making it clearly visible from the Bosphorus as a landmark. The tower was probably originally constructed under Mehmed II and then renovated and enlarged by Suleiman I between and The tall windows wooden kitchens design 11 engaged columns and the Renaissance pediments evoke the Palladian style.
It subsequently underwent numerous alterations and renovations. It is a hall built of stone and brick with eight domes, [48] each 5 x This treasury was used to finance the administration of the state.
The kaftans given as presents to the viziers, ambassadors and wooden kitchens design 11 of the palace by the financial department and wooden kitchens design 11 sultan and other valuable objects were also stored.
The janissaries were paid their quarterly wages called ulufe from this treasury, which was closed by the imperial seal entrusted to the grand vizier. During excavations in in front of this building, remains of a wooden kitchens design 11 Byzantine building dating from the 5th century were.
Wooden kitchens design 11 stone was erected in commemoration wooden kitchens design 11 a record rifle shot by Selim III in It was brought to the palace from Levend in the s. The wooden kitchens design 11 collection Silah Seksiyonu Sergi Salonuwhich consists primarily of weapons that remained in the palace at the time of its conversion, is one of the richest assemblages of Islamic arms in the world, with examples spanning 1, years from the 7th to the desigh centuries.
The palace's collection of arms and armor consists of objects manufactured by the Kitchehs themselves, or gathered from foreign conquests, or given as presents. Ottoman weapons form the bulk of the collection, but it also includes examples of Umayyad and Abbasid swords, as well as Mamluk and Persian armor, helmets, swords and axes.
A lesser number of European and Asian arms make up the remainder of the collection.
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