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Race cars and high-performance vehicles come in many different varieties and each variety has its own unique characteristics that define it. These characteristics are based on an average amateur-built vehicle Not a professional constructor , and ranked in our guide below between 1 and Each car type is ranked relative to the other 29 types.
Use our Car Type Guide below to discover which car types you might be interested in building or learning more about. Within classes that match vehicle type and horsepower to each other, racers negotiate a race course one or more at a time not side-by-side, but at intervals while being timed. The emphasis is placed on developing driver skill, having fun and keeping costs low. A wide variety of production vehicle types and configurations are used at the entry level of the sport.
Almost any daily-driven vehicle qualifies for autocross with the exception of high roll-center vehicles which can easily roll over in sharp turns.
Racing is generally on parking lots, kart tracks, road course circuits, and dirt circuits and is widespread throughout the Americas, UK and Australia. Autocross Also known as "Solo" and "Autoslalom" is a form of time-trial racing run with cars ranging from stock production cars to purpose-built race cars. Within classes that match vehicle type and horsepower to each other, racers negotiate a race course one or two at a time not side-by-side, but at intervals while being timed.
A wide variety of production vehicle types and configurations are used at the mid-level of the sport. Mid-level differentiates itself mostly from entry-level by the number of changes and the knowledge required to make them work together to maximize performance. Generally speaking, high performance cars and scratch-built cars dominate the top-level category.
Still, a wide variety of production vehicle types and configurations can be used as a starting point. Top-level Autocross vehicles differentiate themselves from mid-level Autocross by their almost complete removal of stock restrictions and their often non-street legal nature. Bar stool racers are a relatively new and interesting take on the traditional go-kart. A stool of a type you would normally find your local watering hole, is mounted above a single cylinder engine on a go-kart type frame.
Handlebars usually with throttle and brake levers provide steering and control. From a survey of events, most racing takes place in the USA or Canada. These machines are also considered for novelty purposes beyond racing i. Parades, run-abouts at other racing events. Although not technically built to a regulation as part of a racing series, custom street or import cars have become very similar to touring cars or GT cars in their performance. The engines are typically the top performing 4 or 6 cylinder units offered in that model, although swaps are common as well.
Many are stock turbocharged. Cars may race in Autocross events where class regulations permit the modifications made to the car. Racing is generally on parking lots, kart tracks, and dedicated race circuits and is widespread throughout the Americas, UK and Australia. The original Cyclecars were built as minimalist vehicles positioned between motorcycles and more expensive cars.
They utilized motorcycle engines Hence the "cycle" part of the name instead of the multi-liter monsters found in touring cars of that era. They also had a minimalist chassis and simpler running gear compared to touring cars. The modern Cyclekart has a two-rail frame with cross-members upon which is built a wooden or metal monocoque-type structure that imparts additional rigidity.
It uses spoked motorcycle wheels all-around and is powered by a rear-mounted 6. The front of the car is suspended using leaf-springs and a tube beam axle, while the rear has no suspension. Many of the components are Azusa engineering kart parts, making sourcing them easier.
The philosophy of these cars extends beyond racing to art and nostalgia. Cyclekart creators Peter and Michael Stevenson intended the cars to be great looking, fun to drive and an expression of each builder. Many builders have created pre-war Bugattis, Delages, Alfas and Mercedes body styles but there is no restriction placed on styling except perhaps safety.
Cyclekarts have been built and raced throughout the world. They are capable of racing on dirt or pavement courses. They offer children 6 years and older an opportunity to get into drag racing 5 year olds can join a training class. The class has become very popular as a family racing opportunity and also as a training ground for stepping up to higher level drag series. Junior dragsters are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, mid-engine that is, between the driver and rear tires rear-drive layout and covering bodywork.
A roll cage is integral to provide safety for the driver. The base class uses a 5 horsepower motor, with higher horsepower used for classes for older children. The chassis is relatively easy to construct and repair and the engine is reasonably low cost to maintain. Production cars have likely been drag raced since there were two or more available. However, the first notable racing took place in the s when dry lake beds in southern California provided drag strips.
They have enjoyed continued growth due to the low entry costs for beginners and the aftermarket customizability of production machines for drag racing. Production-based drag racers are characterized as a production vehicle modified with various degrees of customization in order to drive as quickly as possible in a straight line over a fixed distance.
No other type of race car, except perhaps Formula One is capable of generating as much acceleration as the drag racer. As the classes progress, bigger horsepower and bigger driving tires appear, alongside more safety and traction aids. Any car configuration can be dragged raced�Front, mid or rear engine with front, rear or 4 wheel drive.
Scratch-built or purpose-built drag racers evolved from early production-based drag car developments. As production cars were stripped of all but the essential components for racing, there was recognition that the production car chassis had disadvantages for producing maximum acceleration, one of which was weight. By using a scratch-built tube frame that removed the disadvantages, and enabled new advantages such as better weight distribution, the scratch-built drag racer was born.
Scratch-built drag racers are characterized by their unique chassis designs, slick tires and emphasis on maximum instantaneous straight line acceleration.
Two styles predominate: Those with a body shell that appears like a production car, and dragsters which are long, slender single seat machines. The dune buggy or off-road buggy originated as a custom built off-road machine based on the Volkswagen Beetle "Bug" chassis and engine.
The high reliability and simplicity of the air-cooled motor lent itself well to use in desert areas of the US Southwest and Mexico, and hence the term "Dune Buggy" was coined. Since that time, the dune buggy design has evolved to cover a wide variety of off-road terrains and purposes, including racing. They utilize treaded, knobby or sand paddle type tires mounted to a large travel suspension front and rear that enables the vehicle to travel over very rough terrain and jumps.
Racing events are held on dirt roads and on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain. Racing is held in many parts of the world, with the most well known races happening in the Mexico Baja and Africa i.
The Paris-Dakar. The Formula car is a form of open-wheel race car that has evolved from the early s Grand Prix cars.
Although the most well known forms are Formula One and Indycar, formula cars have been a staple of amateur motorsports, especially as a stepping stone to these top level series.
Modern amateur cars are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, mid-engine rear-drive layout and aerodynamic bodywork. Non-winged versions of the formula car place emphasis on mechanical grip and cornering nimbleness. Amateur racing classes for formula cars generally focus on designs which use a spaceframe chassis, 4 to 6 cylinder car or motorcycle engine, and fiberglass bodywork. Racing is generally on road course circuits and is therefore most popular in parts of Europe and the Americas where road course circuits are found.
Winged formula cars use inverted wings at the front and rear of the car to provide downforce that presses the car down onto the track at speed. This enables them to corner at speeds much higher than standard road cars. GT Grand Touring cars are production sports cars that have been modified to race on road circuits.
The Grand Touring car evolved from the earliest makes of road cars from early s. They were built with luxury, style and horsepower for their era, all three of which were highly desireable to the rich clientele who bought them.
These exclusive cars were raced through the s and s, especially in longer endurance events such as the Mille Miglia miles that lent themselves to a "Grand touring" car. As mass production of sports cars became widespread post WWII, the availability of high powered racing cars around the world spurred an explosion of GT racing.
GT race cars differentiate themselves from Touring cars by being sports cars first, whereas touring race cars generally begin life as a family-type sedan. Karting began with the first kart designed by Art Ingels in and has since technically evolved its basic racing technology. It is the simplest and lowest cost form of road and oval racing available but even so, the racing kart can out-compete many race cars costing 5 to 10 times as much.
Most karts use a centrifugal clutch, although some have gearboxes Called Shifter karts. Bodywork also varies from minimal bumpers on sprint karts to full cover bodywork on ovals or superkarts. There is usually no suspension and no differential on a kart because the design bypasses the need for these. The flex in the tube frame and tires absorbs the bumps encountered and the kart uses a special front-end geometry that causes the inside rear wheel to lift slightly when turning corners So there is no need for the rear wheels to turn at different speeds.
Racing is generally held on purpose-built kart tracks that are around 1 km 0. Kart racing is run everywhere in the world, but is especially popular in Europe. They were the original home-built race cars and their garage builders made use of every available automotive and sometimes non-automotive part they could use. Some cars were even powered by outboard boat motors. Modern amateur cars have advanced in terms of technology, but the racing has the same premise: Drive as quickly around a dirt or paved oval race track.
They are characterized by their scratch-built single seat chassis, 4 cylinder front-engine, rear-drive layout, and encompassing roll cage. Post-World War II, the Quarter midgets appeared much as their full-scale counterparts did, as home-builts.
Since that time, the Quarter midgets have evolved into modern race cars parallel to the full-size Midgets. They use a scratch-built single seat chassis with a 1 or 2 cylinder mid-engine, rear drive layout and all-encompassing roll carge. The off-road truck Sometimes referred to as a "Trophy truck" is a specialized off-road racing vehicle that resembles a pickup truck.
The off-road truck is characterized by a tube frame chassis with a high horsepower engine mounted at the front which drives either the two rear or all four of the wheels. The suspension is built with long travel and is relatively softly sprung to absorb large bumps, dips and jumps the truck travels over at high speeds.
The chassis is covered with composite bodywork and usually uses the space normally associated with a pickup truck bed for the storage of spare tires and support equipment. Racing events are held on dirt roads and on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain with the most well known races happening in the Mexico Baja and Africa i. The custom off-road pickup truck is a specialized off-road vehicle designed to traverse extreme terrains such as steep-angled hillclimbs, mud bogs and boulders.
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