$@# Fiberglass Boat Building And DIY Guide &^@!

Download : Boat Trailer Selection Guide at myboat244 boatplans

Fishing nad. Cre - Catch Em All Fishing. Whether you're driving to your local lake or creek, or trekking deep into the wilderness to a remote alpine tarn, the Sea Eagle PackFish7 Inflatable Fishing Boat let's you take a fishing boat.

Pack this ultra lightweight, NMMA certified inflatable raft on your back with the included backpack and storage bag. This boat features a hands free oarlock system, fish deep v fishing boats for sale in pa ug, rod holders, storage pouches for tackle and supplies, and. Built to handle loads up to pounds, this boat was�. We all want different things. Some want fame, others want fortune, and some of us just want some peace and quiet � and what better way to do that than on a boat fishing in a lake?

Many people have fallen for the act of fishing hook, line, and sinker. You experience serenity, anticipation, excitement, About This Piece Scenic Art Why settle for blank walls, when deep v fishing boats for sale in pa ug can transform them into stunning vista points.

Explore from imaginative scenic abstracts to sublime beach landscapes captured on camera. The possibilities are endless. The painterly quality of our canvas creates an almost life-like panorama, so you can enjoy your favorite scenery without leaving home. Go places without leaving�. We are proud to offer a versatile and mobile solution to getting you out on the water.

The Rebel Mini Pontoon Boat is a modular boat that will assemble in literally minutes. The fully-assembled, wooden deck quickly attaches to the welded, all-aluminum pontoons using removable pins. This boat is light enough to assemble by yourself, at your own backyard pond, or to transport in the bed of your truck and assemble at one of your other favorite fishing holes.

Select Your Rebel Options:. Lund is a well-known brand name in fishing boats among enthusiasts. There are several reasons why these boats are so highly favored. The hull-strength is. Boat Loader - YouTube. The Landing Deep v fishing boats for sale in pa ug Centre Console is an ideal boat for those wanting to bring their ATV to a remote area, or for anyone with water access property I would use the laser to help me with some really cool projects like laser cut wood objects, led illuminated signs, engraved tile and much mu�.

New Design, Compact Folding Pedal drive included! New model of inflatable kayaks board with pedal drive for human powered propulsion on a water. Any type of low or high beach chair can be mounted on top of that kayak using double D-rings with straps. Great for pleasure cruising or fishing.

You are welcome at Fishing Charter in Marathon! Enjoy fishing in Marathon, Florida with our 26' center console. Open fisherman, is used for fishing all our secret areas. Offer half day and full day charters. Times may vary according to the time of year.

Update:

We've built most most dories as well as know a process similar to a behind of the hands. Banana Vessel Unguent Components Vogue indication boat skeleton acquire upon giveaway books as obats as manuals investigate scratch Structure vitamin The Indication Boat. Which has been my largest fulfilment with these boats? Group as well as women will set up their singular boats for a series of elements as well as a vital a single is in all to save these a little income ?

Distinct my initial indication deep v fishing boats for sale in pa ug a vesselobviously, she will be means to simply take a?family of 4 upon i enlarged outing as well as be utterly self contained.

Hours 9. Saturdays only. Preparation 1 Where should the writer put these pieces of information? Match A-D with gaps in the letter. A the date B the job he is writing about C the address of the person he's writing to D his own address. Read the letter in exercise 1 again and complete the formal phrases needed to apply for a job in a hotel. Writing guide I am writing to apply fo r the post of part-time sales assistant, which I saw advertised in las t Sunday's newspaper.

Remember to follow the instructions carefully. Last summer I worked in the ticket office of a small independent cinema in Portsmouth. M y responsibilities included ticket sales and checking tickets. I consider myself to be reliable and enthusiastic. If necessary I can supply a reference from the manager of the cinema where I worked last summer.

I am available for interview any afternoon after 3 p. If my application is successful, I will be available to start work on 15th July when I finish my exams. I am enclosing my Cv.

Mention the job you are applying for and where you saw the advert. Give details of previous work experience and responsibilities. Mention any relevant personal interests. Talk about why you are right for the job. List your personal qualities and offer to send a reference.

Say when you are available for interview and when you could start work. D where he saw the advertisement D what references he can send D what relevant work experience he has D wh en he can start work. Have you: included the appropriate addresses and the date? Use who, which, h ere or whose.

I celebrated my birthday there. I can talk about education. I can ask and answer questions at a job interview. Her father is a record manager.

Match each speaker with an adjective from A and a part of the body from B. There is one word in each group that you do not need. A black. Find out where in the body you can find them or which part of the body they connect to. Past simple and present perfect contrast I can correctly use the pastsimple. Rewrite them correctly 'f necessary. He 1 break the world lOOm and m records several times and he also holds the record for the 4 x lOOm relay with his team mates.

However, Usain 2. When he was a child, he - - - - - spend his time playing football and cricket in the street with his brother. He 5 win his first gold medal at the World Championships, where he was so nervous that he actually 6 put his running shoes on the wrong feet.

Since then, however, he - - - - - learn to deal with his pre-race nerves and they no longer affect him. More importantly, Bolt is loyal to his country. A number of American clubs 8 offer him a contract over the years, but so far he 9 say that he doesn't want to leave Jamaica.

We could win the league! Use the past simple and the present pe rfect. Read on to find out more. The hamburger started life as small pieces of raw beef which were eaten by the Tartars, a tribe who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages.

Before eating it, they used to put the meat on their horse under the saddle they were sitting on in order to make it soft. When the Tartars arrived in Hamburg, the people mixed the beef with local spices, fried it and called it the Hamburg Steak. Germans who emigrated to the USA took this recipe with them and it became known as a hamburger there.

Answer the questions. Montague enjoyed playing cards in his favourite restaurant, the Beef Steak Club in London. He could be found there most days and some of his games lasted for hours. One day, instead of stopping to eat lunch, Montague asked a servant to bring him some meat between two slices of bread to prevent the cards from getting dirty.

When the other players saw this, they began to order 'the same as Sandwich', and so the sandwich got its name. In , Queen Margherita of Italy invited chef Rafaelle Esposito from his pizzeria to visit the royal palace and bake a selection of pizzas for her.

Wanting to impress the queen, Rafaelle made a very special pizza. It was large and topped with tomatoes, mozarella cheese and fresh herbs to represent the Italian flag, which is red, white and green. The Queen was delighted with this design and the pizza became one of her favourite foods. When people heard about this, they all wanted to try it and so the pizza Margherita was born.

Say which region they are from and if they are healthy or not. Complete the text with the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Match sentences in exercise 1 with the uses of the present perfect continuous a and b. He 2 on a diet for the last two months, so he stop eating bread completely.

Ch oose the correct answer. Write questions with the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. Then, answer the questions with a complete sentence. Match the sentences Ca-f with the gaps in the text. Can you me your holiday photos? Whose is it? Choose one of the characters in the box, or your own. Write a short description of them and their special powers or abilities. One summer evening in Tucson, USA, a man called Tom Boyle performed an amazing act of strength to rescue a cyclist who had been run over by a car.

After shopping at the mall, Boyle and his wife were in their truck at the exit of the car park waiting to drive onto the main road. Suddenly the car in front, a Camaro, drove out and ran straight over an year-old cyclist. Boyle and his wife could not believe their eyes and Boyle did not take much time to react.

As Boyle ran towards the car, the driver got out. Without stopping to think, Boyle lifted up the 3, kg Camaro so that the driver could pull the cyclist out. About 45 seconds later, Boyle put the car back down onto the road and went to help the cyclist. He even received an award for his brave actions. But to this day, he cannot understand how he lifted up that car. They claim that when the brain detects an extreme situation, it sends more adrenaline and a substance called cortisol into the blood stream.

We become, in effect, superhuman. He's got a temperature I dizzy. Patient Hello, doctor. Put the dialogue in the correct order. I'll wri te. Listen to five patients explaining their symptoms to the doctor.

Match the speakers with the doctor's advice a-f. There is one extra piece of advice that you do not need. Head injuries are very serious.

The Chippenham Cycling Club meets the beautiful countryside of the area. Judy's cafe Do you want to improve your English? You'll have a lot of fun! We watch films, listen to the latest bands and have a guest speaker once a month. Write an announcement to pub li cise the activity that you take pa rt in. Follow the guide below. Remember to use cap itals, rhetorical questions and bullet points where possible.

In form people what the activity is and describe it briefly. Info rm people of the time, place and cost of sessions. En d with a strong and memorable final message. Have you: Match the sentence halves to make strong and memo rable f inal messages. You ' ll love t he CineC lub! Get fit! Brown bread contain s more than w hi t e. Match the sentences with the symptoms a-f. I've got a stiff neck. I've got a blocked up nose. I've got a temperature.

I've got a rash. I've got a sore th roat. I can talk about illnesses, their symptoms and treatment. B she has experien ced so me sleepin g probl ems herself. D a good diet and exercise are more important than sleeping. B is a new idea. D may damage your sense of smel l. B should take a walk before going to bed. D should walk as much as they can for exercise.

B move every part of your body. D hold your breath for as long as you ca n. Try to deduce the meaning from the con:ext, or from words that sound similar to words j.. Put X in the correct column. Are you looking for a more interesting alternative to your weekly shop' Wh y not tr y one of the many farmers' markets which have sprung up all over the countr y' With a fine selection of the very freshest fruit and vegetables, as well as bread, cheese, meat and honey, these farmers' markets offer the shopper both variety and superior quality, as well as a pleasant change from a boring trip to the supermarket.

Farmers' markets have been popular in smaller towns for many years, and they also have a long tradition in parts of London. Even though the majority of people prefer shopping in large supermarkets, particularly on weekdays, shopping at local farmers' markets is becoming a more and more popular weekend acti vity.

These markets offer a chance fo r farmers to sell fre sh produce directly to the public. This direct contact w ith the producers gi ves customers the opportunity to ask questions about the produce they are bu ying.

This is exactly w hat appeals to the cit y shoppers w ho frequent these markets - they want to know w here their food comes from and how it is made. They are looking for fresh, highquality produce from local suppliers, and an authentic taste ofthe country.

However, it isn't only city fol k who are benefiting from this boom in farmers' markets, as tourists are also keen to sample genuine UK produce such as organic sausages and home-made bread. Edinburgh Farmers' Market is one ofthe most prestigious markets in the UK and has won many awa rds for its high-quality produce.

It takes place every Saturday from 9 a. Visitors t o t he market can find a w ide variety of local products, including fre sh seafood. There are even cookery demonstrations where you can learn how to really make the most of the delicious home-grown pro duce. Whether you are simply doing your weekl y sh opping, or looking for something special to buy, a visit t o one of t hese farm ers' markets is always an interesting experience.

You will be asked to talk abo ut yO:.! Now work in pairs. One of you is t he ex c -':' How can they get a good balarc:: Are the inhabitants of an urban area like New York City less healthy than their nearby neighbours in rural Sullivan County?

Many of us associat e ill and exhaustion, and big city living with 4 dream of leaving an urban environment to li ve in the country. We tend to believe that fresh air and peace and quiet will help calm and less hectic existence.

One ofthe reasons given for this surprising result was that the city populations still had better access to 7 educate and healthcare facilities and more job opportunities. High rates of 8 employ in rural areas mean that the local population is more likely to buy cheaper, less healthy fo od products, leading to problems such as obesity and economy heart disease.

Also, a lower 9 status is often associated with smoking and a more se dentary lifestyle. Look at each point and talk about your own lifestyle. Suggest changes you could make.

It might be better to It's a good idea to To sum up.. Remember to give reasons, and try to justify your opinions. Describe your personal qualities. Are you into sports and looking for a summer job? We are looking for sports coordinators to supervise groups of 10 children aged during our summer camps.

You should be over 16 years old and be fit and healthy, and you need to have some experience of working with young children or of organising events. We will provide you with accommodation and food.

Send your CV now to: jobs gatewaycamp. Match a word in A with a word in B to make words and collocations used in computing. Then label the pictures. A data desktop user web. Match the speakers with the uses a-e. There is one use that you do not need. I used it to publish a blog. I use a social-networking site. I use it to speak to my English teacher. I used it to down load television shows.

I use the Internet for writing essays. Match the prefixes with the words a-f. Then complete the sentences. Use a dictionary to check if you need to use a hyphen or not. Match the sentence halves to make predictions. J you might lose them. I' ll ring you when I get home. If the weather h ave a barbecue. Rewrite them correctly : -ecessary.

Complete the summary about the time capsules in Flushing Meadows with the words in the box. The time capsules under Flushing Meadows contain items that reveal what everyday life was like in For example, it includes the thing we use in the morning and then to to wake ourselves up, an 1 turn on our kitchen light, a 2.

The capsule also includes items everyone uses in the bathroom in the morning, a 3 and as used by lots of women, a 4. Complete the sentences with A Alex or L Linda. Two of the most famous are known as the Voyager Golden Records. These were records which were sent up into space inside spacecrafts Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 in They contain messages to any intelligent life in space that might find them. The two records contain sounds and images which show the many different aspects of life and culture on Earth.

There are greetings from people speaking in 55 different languages and also recordings of a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by the sea, the wind and thunder during a storm. They even added animal sounds, like the songs of birds and whales. And finally, there are musical selections from different cultures and periods in history.

The images on the records are both in black and white and colour. The first images are of scientific interest. They show the solar system and its planets, as well as images of animals, insects, plants, DNA, human anatomy and reproduction. The images of humans show food, architecture and people in portraits, with examples of them doing typical daily activities.

As the spacecraft are extremely small and space is incredibly large, the probability of the records being discovered is very small. Even if they are ever found by aliens, it is likely to be far into the future.

Voyager 1 will travel through space for about another 40, years before it reaches the nearest star. If so, when? Fossil fuels will ran out by Some comp anies I'm doing my driving test next Tr.. We haven 't arrived yet. Complete the text about the future with the future perfect or the future continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Li fe in By , technology will have taken over our -ives and there will be no reason for us to leave ur houses.

The director led the students into a bare room, very bright and sunny, where a group of identical eight-month-old babies were looking happily at picture books and playing with bowls of flowers. The crying of the babies changed its tone to a desperate scream until the Director signalled for the treatment to stop. Match the sentences a-f with the gaps in the text. There is one extra sentence you do not need. Is that what you wanted to ask?

We established another reason for the masses to go to the country instead: country sports. We condition them to hate the country, but to love country sports, especially those country sports which require the use of complicated apparatus. Read the dialogue, ignoring the gaps.

Megan Hi Oavi d. Megan Have you got any pla ns for Saturday afterno on? Oa vi d Yes. Megan What about 'n tne evening?

Oavid Co mplete the responses to the suggestions wi th t he words i n the box. I'm tired. I'm not very on watching TV. It's a beautiful day. What are David and Megan going to do on Sunday afternoon? When are they going to meet? Complete the gaps in the sentences. Use the ideas in the chart or your own ideas.

Dear Christina, Thanks for your email. As soon as term finishes next month, I'm going on a basketball course with some friends. I hope to meet some famous players while I'm there and I think I'll be able to get their autographs too! When I get home, I'll be working as a lifeguard at our local swimming pool for a month.

I won't be working at all in the last two weeks of the holiday, so that would be the best time for you to visit.

I'll be free to take you sightseeing in the mornings and swimming in the afternoons, when it's too hot to do anything else. Please let me know as soon as possible when you're coming. I won't make any more plans until I hear from you! Best wishes, Joanna. Remember to follow the instructions carefully, and to use informal language and future time clauses. Say how you feel about the plan. Give some information about your plans for the holiday.

Explain when the best time for the trip would be for you and why. Ask your friend to give you more details about the trip. I Self Check 4 You're coughing. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.

Use the word in brackets. Co mplete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in Jrackets. Use the future continuous or the future perfect. Do n't call me this afternoon because t ravel. I can talk about computers and computing. SO I can write an informal email about future plans and ambitions. Match a word from A with a word from B to make compound nouns.

A book chair key light window. Complete the sentences with compound nouns. Then write an example sentence with each. George C. Parker was an American con man who sold the Brooklyn Bridge several times to tourists. Read the reported conversation between Parker and a tourist and write the direct speech.

Complete the conversation between two sisters with said or told. Then rewrite the direct speech as reported speech. Rosie 2 'It isn't in the bathroom,' to her. He said that he had made a lot of money that year. He told the tourist that he. When was the last time you used your mobile phone? Report part of the conversation you had.

I phoned. Match the speakers with the statements a-e. There is one statement you do not need. Write some facts about him here. Who wrote about him? When were the stories set?

Where did he work? One of the best crime dramas on TV at the moment is the American series Bones. The programme puts a completely new perspective on criminal investigation as each episode is about the mystery behind some human remains. Despite the serious subject matter, the show contains an element of light-hearted comedy. Much of the humour re volves around the central character Dr Brennan, who is cold and unemotional, with no social skills, and her relationship w ith Agent Booth, who is much more friendly and outgoing.

Or Brennan uses the phrase 'I don't know what that means'. Predictably, Booth and Or Brennan do, eventually, become a couple. Although the show has been criticised for making forensic science seem simple, it has been very popular with TV audiences all over the world. This is mainly because of the dual storyline about the solving of a crime and the relationship between the main characters. The show's success is reflected in the length of time it has been running.

Seven seasons have been filmed since the series began, and if the writers are able to continue producing such a gripping storyline, it will continue to be popular. Put the words in the correct order to make reported questions.

Look again at exercise 4. Then complete the reported speech. First, the interviewer asked me which school I went to and. Simon has been away from school for a month. Read - is description of his first day back and write the direct :uestions. Think of three questions you have asked someone today. Write the questions and answers in reported speech. Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the phrasal verbs in the box.

S The writer believes that the Mande Barung a D definitely exists. But does this creature or animal really exist? Recently, journalists have travelled to the Garo Hills in northern India to look into reports that the Mande Baruns has been seen.

The first report comes from Nelbison Sangma. He says that he watched the Mande Baruns for three days while he was working in the area. He reported that the creature was on the other side of the river near some trees and looking for food. Unfortunately, he hadn't gone home to get his camera because he lived ten days' walk away. Llewellyn Marak, a writer and environmentalist, has not seen the Mande Baruns himself, but he knows a lot of people.

Do you think the Yeti or Mande Barung really exists? Write your opinion here. Marak has been to visit some giant footprints, which he said were made by the animal.

He says that it was impossible that they were human footprints, because they were 46 cm long! Tengsim was walking through the forest when he came across the animal sitting on a rock playing with a stone. He only saw it for a few seconds, but he can describe it perfectly. He says that he is sure that it wasn't an ordinary animal - it was much bigger than a human, but it had the face of a monkey.

Unfortunately, the 8, km 2 area is covered with dense jungle, so it is difficult to know what is out there. Nobody can prove that the Mande Baruns definitely exists, but nobody can say that it does not exist, either. She's got flu. Rosie can't nave gone out. Read the headline and the start of the newsp aper story. Think of three possible explanations for Mr Darwin' s behaviour. Write not es using the words below to help you or your own ideas. He had a big party and a cake.

We've never done this before. Five years ago John Darwin went canoeing in the North Sea. A few days later his empty canoe was found on a beach several miles away.

The police thought he was dead. But last night he walked into a police station. He t old the police that h e h ad faked his death and gon e home to his wife. For the past five years he h as been living at home.

When he went out h e wore a disguise so that nobody would recognise him. They don't exist! They haven 't got a map. I forgot my keys. They aren't in my bag.

He ' s ju st sent me a text message. Complete the phrases to react to speculations with the ,yords in the box. Use must have, might have, can't have and the phrases in exercise 2 to help you. I didn't take it off. I remember putting it in my locker before PE. No way! It can't have been stolen! I suppose so. It can 't have been stolen! Yes, that's possib le. Google isn't working, either.

I doubt it. Google doesn't seem to be working. Put the wo rds in order to make sentences with two objects. Dear Sir or Madam, Having read your advertisement in the Scottish Times, I am very interested in going on your tour of Loch Ness in search of the monster.

I w ill be t ravelling to Scotland w ith a large gr oup. Read the letter again. Complete the gaps with the sentences a-e. Have you: started and finished your letter appropriately? Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences. Read the dialogue between the inspector and the woman. Then complete the text with reported speech. Inspector Woman Inspector Woman. Where were you on the night of the robbery?

I won't say anything until I've called my lawyer. You can go home if you answer my questions. I didn't steal the painting, but I know who is responsible for the crime. The inspector told her that she 4 go home if she 5 his questions.

I can suggest solutions to a mystery. Match the words and phrases below with similar words or phrases in the statements. You will be given the chance to listen again. Decide if the statements are true D, false F or not given NG.

Read the text below and complete the missing information in sentences The sentences are not in the order in which the information appears in the text. It was not Lisbeth Salander's lack of emotional involvement, but her appearance that most upset Dragan Armansky, the director of the security company where she worked. Milton Security had an extremely conservative image and this small, anorexic young woman with short hair and piercings did not fit in.

She had a wasp tattoo about two centimetres long on her neck, a tattooed ring around the biceps of her left arm and another on her left ankle. In the summer, Armansky saw that she had a dragon tattooed on her left shoulder. Her hair was naturally red, but she dyed it black. She did not, in fact, have an eating disorder, Armansky was sure of that.

On the contrary, she seemed to consume every kind of junk food. She had simply been born thin with small bones that made her look girlish. She was twenty-four, but she sometimes looked fourteen. Her movements were quick and spidery, and when she was working at the computer, her fingers flew over the keys. She was too thin to ever become a model, but with the right make-up, advertisers all overthe world could have used her face.

Sometimes, she wore black lipstick. In spite of the tattoos and the pierced nose and eyebrows, Salander was, in fact, the most competent investigator he had met in all his years in the business. During the four years she had worked for him, she had never once made a mistake or handed in a bad report.

Armansky was convinced that she possessed a unique talent. She had imagination and she always came back with something different from what he expected.

Sometimes he thought that her ability to collect information was magic. She somehow managed to get under the skin of the person she was investigating. If they had any deep, dark secrets, she would find them immediately. This keeps the co n" ,,'5,,: :. Remember you need to keep talking for 2. Talk about the fo lio. Choose the correct word, A, B or C, to complete each gap.

I'm online from the moment I wake JP to the moment I go to bed. Even when I'm away from my co mputer, I'm online on my phone. I'm ::Joi ng to go without my computer, my MP3 player and my :Jh one for a month. How much does the accommodation cost?

Is there a discount for students? You are interested in the course described in the advert below. Write an email words asking for more information about the course. Write ph rases for -rJ aking a suggestion, accepting a suggestion and declining a suggestion. If you love the sea and enjoy adventure and excitement, our lO-day diving course is perfect for you!

Come and dive with us in the spectacular waters off Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. Our intensive course for beginners will teach you all you need to know about a basic dive. We have qualified instructors with years of experience, and we can provide accommodation with local families. Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use two or three words including the word in brackets.

Complete the sentences with the correct three-part phrasal verbs. She asked him ou t the next day. Use the words to make superlative sentences with tne present perfect. Complete the sentences with comparative forms of the words in brackets. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box to make comparisons. Write four sentences comparing yourself with your best friend.

Use comparative adjectives and adverbs. Are the sentences true or false CF? Choose a-c or your own ideas. Include details about their birth, their life, their loves, their work and their death. Her face it bloomed like a sweet 5. Talking about imaginary situations I can talk about imaginary situations and things I would like to ctJonge.

You aren't healthy. You don't have time for me. You don't pass your exams. Read what boys say about their girlfriends and what the girls say about their boyfriends. Think about things you'd like to change in your life. Write five sentences using I wish, If only and I'd rather. My busy working day made it impossible for me to meet new people, so I decided to try a dating site.

I knew Craig was special and on our first date we started talking about marriage and children. We moved in together in July and got married in October the following year.

Match the sentences with the people A-D. Each person matches two sentences. I'd moved to Edinburgh to be with my girlfriend, but we soon split up and then I tried on line dating. Everything felt very natural when I met Susan. The following December, our son Sam was born. What do you think are the most important qualities to look for in a partner?

Explain why you think they are important. I saw Unda's profile on a dating website. She looked really beautiful and I arranged to meet her. When I saw Unda, I realised the photo she had used was from ten years ago. She was much older than in the photo. I felt very deceived and I never used a dating site again. Other people should be careful and remember that photos may give a false impression.

I met Steve on a dating website. He invited me to go and stay with him in South Africa. Of course, I never heard from him again once I returned home. Is logging on to a dating website really the ideal way to meet yaur future partner? Read the following stories and decide for yourself.

A Kathy White. I'm going to 1 the restaura nt in p. I'd only want to eat something light be causE wouldn't want to stop for long. The 2 with the restaurant in photo on e 's : - ,,: it's too formal and traditional. It 3 expe ns;.

I prefer restaurants which are more traditional. In contrast, this restaurant looks very modern. Listen to a student answering the questions. Which restaurant does she choose and why? I wouldn't 4 for the restaurant in photo two be cheap, because it looks very crowded.

It 5 but I certai nly wouldn't be able to sit down. Look again at the photos and read the exam task below. Write your answers to the questions. Use the adjectives in exercise 1 and the phrases in exercise 2 to help you. It is your mother's birthday and you and your family are planning a special meal for her. Which of these restaurants would you choose? Why wouldn't you choose the other places? You are sightseeing in London with some friends and you.

Which of these res taurants would you choose? Why wouldn't you cho ose the other places? Read the essay title below. Then read the arguments and decide if they are points in favour of Internet relationships or against.

Write F for or A against. Which is the best title? Choose a, b or c. Plan the second and third paragraphs for the essay title in exercise 3. Choose two arguments for and two arguments against from exercise 3, and think of a supporting statement or an example for each of the arguments.

For: 1. If tj0lA. St OVl-e -persoVl-. Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic. Paragraphs 2 and 3: Use your notes from exercise 4. Paragraph 4: Conclusion: sum up with your own opinion. Have you: organised your essay into four paragraphs? They aren't talking to each other. I can talk about dating and relationships. Complete the compound nouns in the sentences. Write the answers in the puzzle to find the mystery word.

Complete the sentences with the opposite adjectives. They are discussing whether to travel by plane or by train. Complete the sentences with B 8ecky or I Ian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words. Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the correct tense. S They night.

Write five sentences about it. Use the passive. Icy cold but with amazi ng animals! Sporting adventures - on land or in the water Learn in luxury Rela x on th e river 5 Nature cru ises for all budgets. Match the headings with the paragraphs A-D.

Choose the best holiday and describe it. Talk to one of the many boat operators in the area to choose a route. Discover a place where only really intrepid explorers went in the past. A comfortable cruise liner will show you the amazing landscape of one of the coldest and most inhospitable places on Earth.

During the trip, you can enjoy our experts' lectures and presentations about the history, and geology of the region. Admire the beautiful coastline and experience the perfect beaches of countries like Tanzania, Madagascar and the Seychelles. During the cruise, you can try fishing, diving and snorkelling. Head North to explore the spectac ular coastline of this country. The scenery is amazing and travelling by boat is the only way to see it.

Visit beautiful bays during the trip to find icebergs and glaciers. If you 're lucky, you may see a whale coming up for air or catc h a glimpse of a bear on a remote beach. For more information, go to www. The indefinite pronouns in these sentences are incorrect. Rewrite them correctly. So, can 4 be done to solve the problE-' Currently, governments seem to be doing almost 5 to control the carbon emissions f roaircraft.

Governments ne e to do 7 to stop the damage airlines arE causing. Relying on individuals to limit the flights t hE. There isn't 8 wr:: wou ld choose a train over a plane when they have t c travel over 1, km to a business meeting or a fa m' '.

One thing is clear. Read the questions and use indefinite pronouns to write your answers. Who would you like to go on holiday with? I don't know 6 except us who spends their holidays in their garden! Complete the sentences with the words in the box. We're in our hotel after a scary taxi journey from the airport. Two large porcelain dishes were brought in, one full of rice and the other of pork with its gravy.

It was built up high from the ground on huge posts of wood and it was necessary to ascend to it by means of ladders. The king made us sit down there on a bamboo mat with our feet drawn up like tailors. After a half-hour a platter of roast fish cut in pieces was brought in, and ginger- freshly gathered, and wine. The king! Then two platters were brought in one with fish and its sauce, and the other with rice , so that we might eat with the prince.

My companion became intoxicated as a con- sequence of so much drinking and eating. The king made us a sign that he was going to go to sleep.

He left the prince with us, and we slept with the lat- ter on a bamboo mat with pillows made of leaves. When day dawned the king carne and took me by the hand, and in that manner we went to where we had had supper, in order to partake of refreshments, but the boat came to get us.

Before we left, the king kissed our hands with great joy, and we his. One of his brothers, the king of another island, and three men came with us. The captain-general kept him to dine with us, and gave him many things. Pieces of gold, of the size of walnuts and eggs are found by sifting the earth in the island of that king who came to our ships.

All the dish- es of that king are of gold and also some portion of his house, as we were told by that king himself. His hair was exceedingly black, and hung to his shoulders.

He had a covering of silk on his head, and wore two large goldn earrings fastened in his ears. He wore a cotton cloth all embroidered with silk, which covered him from the waist to the knees. At his side hung a dagger, the haft of which was some- what long and all of gold, and its scabbard of carved wood. He was perfurmed with storax and benzoin. That island of his was called Butuan and Calagan.

When those kings wished to see one another, they both went to hunt in that isln-:! The name of the first king is Raja Colambu, and the second Raia Siaui, Easter Sunday Mass at Limasawa Early on the morning of Sunday, the last of March, and Easter day, the captain-general sent the priest with some men to prepare the place where mass was to be said; together with the interpreter to tell the king that we were not going to land in order to dine with him, but to say mass.

There- fore the king sent us two swine that he had had killed. When the hour for mass arrived, we land- ed with about fifty men, without body armor carrying our other arms; and c.

Before we reached the shore with our boats, six pieces were dischared as. Before the commencement of masSj, the cuptain-general sprinkled the entire bocfies of the two kings with musk water. The mass was offered up. The kings went forward to kiss the cross as we did, but they did not offer the sacrifice, Whei the oody of our Lord was elevated, they remained on their knees and worshiped Him with clasped hands.

The ships fired all their artillery at once, when the body of Christ was elevated, the signal having been given from the shore with muskets. After the conclusion of the mass some of our men took communion. The captain-general arranged a fencing tournament, at which the kings were great- ly pleased. Then lie had a cross carried in and the nails and a crown, to which.

They thanked him heartily and said that they would do every- thing willingly. The Captain-general also had them asked whether they were Moros or heathens, or what was their belief. They replied that they wor- shiped nothing, but that they raised their clasped hands and their face to the sky; and that they called their god TfAbbatf Thereat the captain was very glad, and seeing that, the first king raised his hands to the sky and said that he wished that it were possible for him to make the captain see his love for him.

When we reached the summit, the Captain-general told them that he esteemed highly having sweated for them, for since the cross was there, it could not but be of great use to them. The Captain-general asked the kings for the pilots for he intended to depart the following morning, and said. The king replied that every hour he wished the pilots were at his command, but that night the first king changed his mind, and in the morning when we were about to depart, sent word to the Cap- tain-general, asking him for love of him to wait.

He asked the Cap- tain-general to send him some men and help hirri, so that it might be sooner; and said that he intended to act as pilot himself The Captain sent him some men, but the kings ate ana drank so much that they slept all the day.

Some said to excuse them that they were slightly sick. Our men did nothing on that day, but they worked the next two days. Those people are heathens, and go naked and painted. They wear a piece of cloth woven from a tree about their privies.

They are very heavy drinkers. Their women are clad in tree cloth from their waist down, and their hair is black and reaches to the ground. They have holes pierced in their ears which are filled with gold", Those people are constantly chewing a fruit which they call Ttareca" and which resembles a pear.

They cut the fruit into four parts, and then wrap it in the 1 eaves of their tree which they call 7Tbetrc?? Those leaves resemble the leaves of the mulberry. They mix it with a little lime,. It makes the mouth exceedingly red. All the people in those parts of the world use it, for it is very cooling to the heart, and if they ceased to use it they would die.

There are dogs, cats, swine, fowls, goats, rice, ginger, cocoanuts, figs bananas , oranges, lemons, millet, panicuin, sorgo, wax.

It lies m a latitude of nine and two thirds degrees toward the Arctic pole, and- in a longitude of one hundred sixty-two degrees from the line of demarcation. It is twenty five from the Acquada, called Mazaua. On approaching the city, the captain-general ordered the ships to fling their banners. The sails were lowered and ar- ranged as if for battle and all the artillery was fired, and action which caused great fear to those people.

The captain-general sent a foster-son of his as ambassador to the king of Zubo and an in- terpreter, When they reached the city, they found a vast crowd of people together with the King, all of whom had been frightened by the mortars. The interpreter told them that that was our custom when entering into such places, as a sign of peace and friendship, and that we had discharged all our mortars to honor the king of the village.

The king and all of his men were reassured, and the king had us asked by his governor what we wanted. The interpreter replied that his master was a cap- tain of the greatest king and prince of the world and that he was going to discover Malucho, but that he had come solely to visit the king because of the good report which he had heard from the king 6 It is now called Limasawa.

The king told him that he was w el c orne 1 it eral y: he had come at a good time ; but that Tt was their custom for all ships that entered their port to pay tribute and that it was but four days since a junk from Ciama i. As proof of his state- ment the king pointed out to the interpreter, a mer- chant from Ciama who had remained to trade the gold and slaves.

These men are the same who have conquered Calicut, Malaca, and air India Magiore i. If they are treated well. The interpreter understood it all and told the king that his mas- ter's king was more powerful in men and ships than the king of Portogalo, that he was king of Spagnia and emperor of all the Christians, and that if the king did not care to be his friend he would next time send us many men that would destroy him.

The Moro related everything to the king who said there- upon that he would deliberate with his men, and would answer the captain on the following day,.

Then he had refreshments of many dishes, all made from meat and contained in porcelain potters, besides many jars of wine brought in. On Sunday morning, April fourteen, forty men of us went ashore, two of whom were completely armed and pr-eceded the royal banner When we reached land all the artillery was fired,. We conducted her to the plat- form and she was made to sit down upon a cushion, and the other women near her, until the priest should be ready, She was shown an image of our Lady, a very beautiful wooden Child Jesus, and a cross.

Counting men, women and children,, were baptized eight hundred souls. The queen was. She asked us to give her the little Child Jesus to keep in place of her idols; and then she went away. In the after- noon the king and queen, accompanied by numerous persons came to the shore. Thereupon, the captain had many trombs of fire and large mortars discharged, by which they were most highly delighted. The captain and the king called one another brothers.

That kingTs name, was Raia Humabon. Before that week had gone, all the persons of that island, and some from the other islands were baptized. We burned one hamlet which was located in a neighbor- ing village because it refusd to obey the king or us, Vie set up the cross there for those people were heathens Had. Their names and those of their chiefs are as follows I Cinghapala, and its.

The Mactan Affair On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, a chief of the island of Matan, sent one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general and to say he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief Cilalulapu, who refused to obey the king of Spagnia.

He requested the cap- tain to send him only one boatload of men on the next night, so that they might help him and fight against the other chief The captain-general de- cided to go thither with three boatloads.

We begged him repeatedly not to go, but he, like a good shepherd, refused to abandon his flock. At midnight, sixty men set out armed with corselets and helmets, together with the Christian King, the prince, some of the chief men, and twenty or thirty balanguais, We reached Matan three hours before dawn.

The captain did not wish to fight then, but sent a message to the natives by the Moro to the effect that if they would obey the king of Spagnia, recognise the Christian King as their sovereign, and pay us our tribute, he would be their friend; but if they wished other- wise, they should see our lances wound.

They replied that if we had lances they had lances of bamboo and. They asked us not to proceed to attack them at once, but to wait until morning, so that they might have more men. They said that in order to in- duce us to go in search of them, for they had dug certain pitholes between the houses in order that we might fall into them.

When morning came forty-nine of us leaped into the water up to our thighs, and walked through water for more than two crossbow flights before we could reach the shore. The boats could not approach nearer because of certain rocks in the water. The other eleven men remained behind to guard the boats. When we reached the land, three men had formed in three divisions to the number of more than one thousand five hundred persons.

When they heard of us, they charged down upon us with exceeding loud cries, two divisions on our flanks and the other on our front. When the captain saw that, he formed us into two divisions, and thus did we begin to fight.

The musketeers and crossbowmen shot from a distance for about a half-hour, but uselessly; for the shots only passed through the shields which were made of thin wood and the arms of the bearers. The captain cried to them, "Cease firing! When the natives saw that we were shooting our muskets to no purpose, crying out thy determined to stand firm but they re- doubled their shouts.

When our muskets were dis- charged, the natives would never stand still,they leaped hither and thither, covering themselves with their shields. They shot so many arrows at us and hurled so many bamboo spears some of them tipped with iron at the captain-general, besides pointed stakes hardened with fire, stones, and mud, that we could scarcely defend ourselves. Seeing that, the captain-general sent some men to burn their houses in order to terrify them.

When they saw their houses burning, they were roused to greater fury. Two of our men were killed near the houses, while we burned twenty or thirty houses. So many of them charged down upon us that they shot the captain through the right leg with a poisoned arrow. On that account, he ordered us to retire slowly, but the men took to flight, except six or eight of us who remained with the captain.

The natives shot only at our legs, for the latter were bare; and so many were the spears and stones that they hurled at us, that we could offer no resistance. The natives continued to pursue us, and picking up. Thus did we fight for more than one hour, refusing to retire farther.

Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could, draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm by a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that, they all hurled.

When they wound- ed him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were already pulling off. The Christian King would have aided us, but the captain charged him before we -landed, not to leave his ba- langhai, but to stay to see how we fought. When the king learned that the captain was dead, he wept. Had it not been for that unfortunate captain, not a single one of us would have been saved in the boats, for while he was fighting the others retired to the boats.

Among the virtues which he possessed, he was more constant than ever any one else in the greatest of adversity. He endured hunger better than all the others, and more accurately than any man in the world did he understand sea charts and navigation. And that this was the truth was seen openly, for no other had had so much natural talent nor the boldness to learn how to circumnavigate the world, as he had almost done.

That battle was fought on Saturday, April twenty-seven, , The captain desired to fight Saturday, especially holy to him. Eight of our men were killed with him in that battle, " and four Indians, who had become Christians and who come afterward to aid us were killed by the mortars of the boats, Of the enemy, only fifteen were killed, while many of us were wounded. In the afternoon, the Christian king sent a message with our consent to the people of Matan, to the effect that if they would give us the cap- tain and the other men who had been killed, we would give them as much merchandise as they wished.

They answered that they would not give such a man, as we imagined- they should do and that they would not give him for all the riches in the world, but, they intended to keep him as a memorial. On Saturday, the day on which the captain was killed, the four men who had remained in the city to trade, had our merchandise carried to the ships, 0 The Return Voyage to Spain On Tuesday night as it drew near Wednesday, February eleven, , we left the island of Timor and took to the great open sea called Laut Chidol.

Laying'our course toward the west southwest, we left the island of Zamatra, formerly called Traprobana, to the north on our right hand, for fear of the king of Portoghala; In order that we might double the cape of Bonna Speranza i. We were nine weeks near that cape with our sails hauled down because we had the west and northwest winds on our bow quarter and because of a most furious storm.

It is the largest and most dangerous cape in the world. Some of our men, both sick and well, wished to go to a Portuguese settlement called Mozambich, because the ship was leaking badly, be- cause of the severe cold, and especially because we had no other food than rice and water; for as we had no salt, our provisions of meat had putrefied.

Some of the others however, more desirous of their honor than of their own life, determined to go to Spagnia living or. Finally by God's help, we doubled that cape on May six at a distance of five leguas, Had we not approached so closely, we could never have doubled it. Then we sailed north- west for two months continually without taking on any fresh food or water refrigerio Twenty-one men died during that short time.

When we cast them into the sea, the Christians went to the bottom face upward, while the Indians always went down face downward. We charged our men when they went ashore in the boat to ask what day It was, and they told us that it was Thursday with the Portu- guese.

We were greatly surprised for it was Wed- nesday with us, and we could not see how we had made a mistake; for as I had always kept well, I hao set down every day without;. How- ever, as was told us later, it was no error, but as the voyage had been made continually toward the west and we had returned to the same place as does the sun, we had made that gain of twenty-four hours, as is clearly seen.

Fearing lest we also be taken prisoners by certain caravels, we hastily de-. On Saturday, September six, , we en- i tered the bay of San Lucar with only eighteen men! From the time we left that bay of San Lucar until the present day of our return , we had sailed fourteen thousanc four hundred and sixty leguas, and furthermore had completed the circumnavigation of the world from east to west.

On Monday, September eight, we cast anchor near the quay of Seviglia, and discharged all our artillery. Tuesday, we all went in shirts and barefoot, each holding a candle, to visit the shrine of Santa Maria de la Victoria i. Mary of Antiquity".

Then I came to Italia, where I established my permanent abode, and devoted my poor labors to the famous and most illustrious Lord, Fhilipo de Villers Lisleadam, the most worthy grand master of Rhodi. For although the Portuguese bring us a great quantity of them from the Golden Chersonesus, which we now call Malacca, nevertheless their own Indian possessions. For it is well known that the other spices, as cinnamon, cloves, and the nutmeg, which we call muscat, and its cover- ing mace7 which we call muscat-flower, are brought to their Indian possessions from distant islands hitherto only known by name, In ships held toge- ther not by iron fastenings, but merely by palm- leaves and having round sails also woven out of palm-fibers.

Ships of this sort they call "junks" and they are impelled by the wind only when it blows directly fore or aft. I have taken much care in obtaining an account of the facts from the commanding officer of the squadron,2 and from the individual sailors who have returned with him.

They also made a statement to the emperor, and to several other 2 Sebastian del Gano. They asserted also that it was absolutely certain, that the islands called the Moluccas, in which all sorts of spices grow, and. The emperor and his council considered that the plan proposed by Magellan and Haro, though hold- ing out considerable advantages, was one of very con- siderable difficulty as to execution.

After some delay, Magellan offered to go out himself, but Haro undertook to fit out a squadron at the expense of himself and his friends provided that tfiey were allowed to sail under the authority and patronage of his Majesty, As each resolutely upheld his own scheme, the emperor himself fitted out a squa- dron of five ships and appointed Magellan to the command.

In a few days they arrived at the Fortunate Islands, now called Canaries. Thence they sailed to the islands of Hespridos Cape Verde , and thence sailed in a southwesterly direction towards that continent which I have already mentioned Terra Firma or South America and after a favorable vo- yage of a few days discovered a promontory, which they called St.

Thence they coasted along this continent, which extends far on southwards, and which 1 now think should be called1the Southern Polar land,, then gradually slopes off in a westerly direction, and so sailed several degrees south of the Tropic of Capricorn.

Not till the end of March in the following year, , did they ar- rive at a bay, which they called St. They stated that the longitude was fifty-six degrees west of the Canaries. As soon as Magellan observed that the wea- ther was less stormy and that the winter began to break up, he sailed out of St.

JulianTs Bay on the twenty-fourth ox August For some days he coasted along to the southward and at last sighted a cape, which they called Cape Santa Cruz.

Here a storm from the east caught them, and one of the five ships was driven on shore and wrecked, but the crew and all goods on board were saved, except an African slave who was drowned. After -3S- this the coast seemed to stretch a little south eastwards, and as they continued to explore it, on the twenty-sixth of November an opening was observed having the -appearance of a strait; Magellan at once sailed in with his whole fleet, and seeing several bays in various directions, directed three of the ships to cruise about to ascertain whether there was any way through, undertaking to wait for them five days at the entrance of the strait so that they might report what success they had.

One of these ships was commanded by Alvaro de Mes quit a, son of Magellan1 s brother, and this by the wind- ings of the channel came out again into the ocean whence it had set out. Magellan waited some "days over the ap- pointed time for his ship, and meanwhile one ship had returned, and reported that they had found nothing but a shallow bay, and the shores stony and with high cliffs; but the other reported that the greatest bay had the appearance of a strait, as they had sailed on for three days and had found no way out, but that the farther they went the narrower the passage became, and it was so deep, that in many places they sounded without finding the bottom; they also noticed from the tide of the sea, that the flow was somewhat stronger than the ebb, and thence they conjectured that there was a passage that way into some other sea.

On hearing this Magellan determined to sail along this chan- nel. They continued in this course, never de- viating from it, except when compelled to do so now and then by the force of the wind, After sailing for three months and twenty days with good fortune over this ocean, and having traversed a distance almost too long to estimate, having had a strong wind aft almost"the whole of the time, and having again crossed the equator, they saw an island, which they afterwards learnt from the neighboring people was called Inuagana.

Arrival in the Philippines Our men then sailed towards Se. From this island they sailed to Subuth Zebu , a very large island, and well sup- plied, where having come to a friendly arrange- ment with the Chief they immediately landed to ce- lebrate divine worship according to Christian usage for the festival of the resurrection of Him who has saved us was at hand. Accordingly with some of the sails of the ships and branches of trees they erected a chapel, and in it cons- 4 - An island in the Marianas.

The chief and a large crowd of Indians came up, and seemed much pleased with the religious rites. They brought the admiral and some of the officers Into the chief1 s cabin, and set before them vyhat food they had. The bread was made of sago, which is ob- tained from the trunk of a tree not much unlike the palm. Magellan exhorted him to be of good cour- age, that if he would devote himself to Christ, he would immediately recover his former health and strength.

The Indian consented and adored the Cross and received baptism, and the next day declared that he was well again, rose from his bed, and walked about and took his meals like the others. What visions he may have told his friends I can not say; but the chief and over twenty hun- dred Indians were baptized and professed the name and faith of Christ.

Magellan seeing that this is- land was rich in gold and ginger, and that it was so conveniently situated with respect to the neigh- boring islands, that it would be easy, making this his headquarters, to explore their resources and natural productions, he therefore went to the chief of Subuth and suggested to him, that since he had turned away from the foolish and impious worship of false gods to the Christian religion, it would be proper that the chiefs of neighboring islands should obey his rule; that he had determined to send envoys for this purpose, and if any of the chiefs should refuse to obey this summons, to com- pel them to do so by force of arms.

The proposal pleased the savage, and the envoys, were sent: the chiefs came in one by one and paid homage to the Chief of Subuth in the manner adopted in those countries. The chief of Subuth furnished him with some of his own people, to guide him as to the topography of the island and the character of the country, and, if it should be necessary to help him in the battle.

Magellan, drew up his own men, and what artillery he had, though his force was somewhat small, on the shore, and although he saw that his force was much in- ferior in numbers, and that his opponents were a warlike race, and were equipped with lances and other weapons, nevertheless thought it more advisable to face the enemy with them, than to retreat, or to avail himself of the aid of the Subuth islanders.

Accordingly he exhorted his men to have courage, and not to be alarmed at the superior force of the enemy; since it had often been the case, as had recently happened in the island Peninsula of Yucatan, that two hundred Spaniards had routed two or even three hundred thousand Indians. He said to the Subuth islanders, that he had not brought them with him to fight, but to see the valour ana military prowess of his men.

Then he attacked. Although the survivors did not consider themselves fairly beaten yet, as they had lost their leader, they retreated; but as they retreated, in good order, the enemy did not ven- ture to-pursue them. The Spaniards then, having lost their admiral, Magellan, and seven of their com- rades, returned to Subuth, where they chose as their new admiral John Serrano, a man of no con- temptible ability.

He renewed the alliance with the chief of Subuth, by. Massacre at Cebu Magellan had been the owner of a slave, a na- tive of Mollucas, whom he had formerly bought in Malacca; and by means of this slave, who was able to speak Spanish fluently, and of an interpreter of Subuth, who could speak the Moluccan language, our men carried on their negotiations.

This slave had taken part in the fight"with the Mauthan islanders, and had been slightly wounded, for which reason he lay by all day intending to nurse himself. Serrano, who could do no business without his help, rated him soundly, and told him that though his master Magellan was dead, he was still a slave, and that he would find that such was the case, and would get a good flogging into the bargain, if he did not exert himself and to do what was required of him more zealously.

This speech much incensed the slave against our people: but he concealed his an- ger and in a few days went to the chief of Subuth, and told him that the avarice of the Spaniards was insatiable: that they had determined, as soon as they should have defeated the king of Mauthan, to turn round upon him, and take him away as a prison- er; and that the only course for him the Chief of Subuth to adopt was to anticipate by treachery.

The savage believed, this, and secretly came to un- derstanding with the chief of Mauthan, and made ar- rangements with him for common action against our people. Admiral Serrano, and. These, went unsuspectingly, for the natives had carefully dissembled their inten- tions, went on the shore without precautions, to take their dinner with the Chief. While they were at the table, some armed men, who had been concealed close by, ran in and slew them, A great outcry was made: it was reported on our ships that our men were killed, and that, the whole island was hostile to us; our men saw'from on board the ships, that the handsome cross, which they had set up in a tree, was torn down by the natives and cut into fragments.

When the Spaniards, who had remained on board, heard of the slaught- er of our men, they feared further treachery: so they weighed anchor and began to set sail without delay.

Soon afterwards Serrano was brought to the coast a prisoner; he entreated them to deliver him from so miserable a captivity saying that he had got leave to be ransomed, if his men would agree to it. Although our men thought it was disgrace- ful to leave their commander behind in this way, their fear of the treachery of islanders was so great that they put to sea, leaving Serrano on the shore in vain lamenting and beseeching his com- rades to rescue him.

The Spaniards having lost their commander and several of their comrades, sailed on sad and anxious, not merely on the ac- count of the loss they had suffered, but also be- cause their number had been so diminished, that it was no longer possible to work the three remaining ships , The Return Voyage On this question they consulted together, and unanimously came to this conclusion, that the best plan was to burn one of the ships, and to sail home in the two remaining.

They therefore sailed to a neighboring island, called Cohol Bohol , and having put the rigging and stores of one of the ships on board the two, others, set it on fire.

Hence they proceeded to the island of Gibeth7 Although they found that this island was well supplied with gold and ginger and many other things, they did not think it desirable to stay there any length of time as they could not establish friendly relations with' the natives and they were too few in number to ven- ture to use force. From Gibeth they proceeded to the island of Porne Borneo , In this archipelago there are two large islands; one of which is called Siloli Gilolo , whose king had six hundred chil- dren Siloli is larger than Porne, for Siloli can 7 Quipit, a port on the northwest part of Mindanao, hardly be circumnavigated in six months, but Porne in three months.

Although Siloli is larger than Porne, yet the latter is more fertile, and dis- tinguished as containing a large city of the same name as the island. On leaving this island our men having paid their respects to the king, and pro- pitiated him by presents, sailed to the Moluccas, their way to which had been pointed out to them by the king.

Then they came to the coast of the is- land of Solo, where they heard that pearls were to be found as large as doveTs eggs, or even henls eggs, but that they were only to be had in very deep water. Son after our men had sailed from Thedori, the larger of the two ships the Trinidad sprang a leak, which let in so much water, that they were obliged to return to Thedori,.

The Spaniards seeing that this defect could not be put right except with much labor and loss of time, agreed that the other ship the Vic- toria should sail to the Gape of Cattigara, thence across the ocean as far as possible from the Indian coast, lest they should be seen by the Portuguese, until they came in sight of the southern point of Africa, beyond the tropic of Capricorn, which the Portuguese call the Cape of Good Hope, for thence the voyage to Spain was easy.

They therefore, landed at one of the islands called Santiago, to buy slaves. As our men, sailor-like, had no money, they offered cloves in exchange for slaves. When the Portuguese-officials heard of this, they com- mitted thirteen of our men to prison. The Loaisa Expedition The return of the Victoria in September, , with survisors of the Magellan expedition aroused in Spain great enthusiasm and interest.

King Charles I himself was much impressed by what had been accomplished. Shortly after y the return of the Victoria he gave orders for the launch- ing of a new expedition to the East? Preparations for the new expedition were completed in the summer of A much larger expeditionary force than the one led by Magellan was assembled.

It included seven vessels and men. In command of the Expedition was Fray Garcia Jofre de Loaisa, a distinguished Spaniard, a man well versed and experienced in the art of naviga- tion. Accompanying him as ranking officer was Sebastian del Cano, who had made a name for himself as an able pilot and navigator by successfully bringing home the Victorla.

One of the members of the expedition was a young man namfed Andres de Urdaneta. Urdaneta, like many a young man of his time, was full of the spirit of adventure. He joined the expedition desirous of seeing new lands and strange peoples in the East. The Loaisa expedition, with all the preparations made to assure its success, came to an inglorious end.

Misfor- tune and disaster awaited it on the long and arduous way to the East. The fleet left the port of Corua on July 24, Even before the Strait of Magellan was reached, three ships had been lost,. Shortly after the fleet entered the Pacific Ocean, a series of misfortunes befell the expedition in rapid suc- cession. Four hundred leagues from the Strait of Magellan Loaisa died July 30, His successor, Sebastian del Cano, also died a few days after assuming command.

The last commander, Hernando de la Torre, succeeded" in briaging the fleet to one of the Moluccas Is- lands, but no better luck awaited him there. He and his companions fell into the hands of the Portuguese. Of the original group that started on the venture, only a few lived to tell the story of this.

Ill-fated expe- dition, One of them was Andres de Urdaneta He and the other survivors returned to Spain in An important source of information on the Loaisa ex- pedition is the account written by Andres de Urdaneta. This Mas published in Spain shortly upon Urdaneta's return from l the East in In this account, Urdaneta made some in- teresting observations regarding the lands he visited in the.

East, their natural productions, and the customs and peculiarities of their inhabitants. The following are por- tions of his observations on Mindanao and the Moluccas! Arriving at Bendanao Mindanao , we anchored at the port of Bizaya. The latter had swine and hens, but' they would not sell any of these to us, These people are well dressed.

They wear cotton and silk clothes ana satins from China In this is- land of Bendanao there is much gold. They offered to sell to us a quantity of this metal. Inditos del Real Archivo de Indias vol, 5, Madrid, The ex- pie dit ion touched at various places on the eastern coast of Mindanao but there is no port at present under that name anywhere in Eastern Mindanao, Urdaneta, however, stated that "forty leagues from there the port of Eizaya we came to another island which is called Talao,n Urdaneta was referring here to Talaud, and Island south of Mindanao, On the basis of this reference, it can be said that the port of Bizaya must have been located somewhere on the south- eastern coast of Mindanao, got an Indian whom we brought to Maluco.

The lat- ter told us that every year two junks from China came to the place to buy gold and pearls of which there is an abundance. Cinnamon also abound in the western part of the island In this five islands eleven thousand six hundred quintales more or less of cloves are raised every year If it should please Your Majesty to order the establishment of trade with Maluco, to the end that all the cloves, nutmegs, and mace gathered in those islands could be brought to Espaa, then of necessity a,ll those who wish to buy these articles will have to go to wherever Your Majesty commands that the traffic in these articles be made.

For Your Majesty should know that nowhere else in the known world are cloves, nutmegs, and mace pro- duced. Therefore, to Your Majesty these islands of Maluco and Banda should be of great interest for from spices alone they bring an income of more than , ducados a year The Saavedra Expedition Two other expeditions were despatched to the East sub- sequent to the departure of Loaisa: the Sebastian Cabot ex- pedition, dispatched from Seville, Spain, on April 13, , and the Saavedra expedition, which was launched from Mexico, on October 31, ?

The Cabot expedition consisting of four ships and men failed to ruach its destination. After spending three years exploring the eastern coast of South America in a futile attempt to discover a shorter route to the East, fighting hostile Indians, and searching for gold, it returned to Spain, arriving there in August, Placed under the command of Alvaro de Saavedra, cousin of Cortes, the expedition set out to accom- plish four objectives: 1 to rescue Juan Serrano and other Spaniards who had been loft in Cebu in ; 2 to look for the Trinidad, one of the vessels in the Magellan expe- dition; 3 to find out what befell the Cabot expedition; and 4 to follow up the Loaisa expedition and render to it whatever assistance it needed.

If you wish a ransom for it, he shall give it you at your pleasure and to your satisfaction. Somewhere in the mid-Pacific, two of Saavedrafs vessels were wrecked. With only one vessel with him, Saavedra succeeded in reaching Mindanao, but he was un- able to go to Cebu as' he had planned to do in fulfillment of one of the objectives of his expedition.

His lone ves- sel was swept by strong winds to Tidore, one of the Moluc- cas islands. Here he met the remnants of the Loaisa. After staying for about two months in Tidore, Saavedra prepared to go back to Mexico. He was not des- tined, however, to see Mexico again. He ciied at sea, Octo- ber 9, Spain claimed that these lands were within the Spanish side of the line of demarcation as fixed by the Treaty of Torde- sillas.

Portugal on the other hand,. In , the two nations finally were able to reach an agreement. By this time, Spain was no longer in a-mood to make further attempts at colonisation in the. She had incurred heavy expenses in fitting out the Loaisa, Cabot, and Saavedra expeditions and up to that time, no favorable report had been received. Under the circumstances, Spain was in- clined to agree to relinquish whatever rights she claimed in the East especially, if in so doing she could obtain a large sum of money from Portugal.

The Treaty of Zaragoza, conluded April 22, , represented a withdrawal on the part of Spain, at least for the time being, from further colonial ventures in the East.

Important provisions of the Treaty are the following;1 Inasmuch as there existed a doubt between the said Emperor and King of Castilla, etc. King of Castilla, and to the persons whom his Majesty may appoint, in the following manner: one hundred and fifty thousand ducats to be paid at Lixbona, within the first fifteen or twenty days after this contract, confirmed by the said emperor and king of Castilla, shall have arrived at the city of Lixboa, or wherever the said King of Por- tugal may be; thirty thousand ducats to be paid in Castilla twenty thousand at Valhadolid and ten thousand at Sevilla, by the twentieth day of the month of May of this present year; seventy thous- and ducats to be paid in Castilla at the May fair of Medina del Campo of this same year, at the terms of the payments of said fair; and the hundred thousand ducats remaining at the October fair at the said town of Medina del Campo of this same year, at the terms of the payment of the same all to be paid over and above the rate of exchange.

In this northeast by east meri- dian, and direction are Situated the islands of Las Velas and of Santo Thome, through which the said line and semicircle passes.

Since these islands are situated and are distant from Maluquo the said distance, more or less, the deputies determine and agree that the said line be drawn at the said two hundred and ninety-seven and one-half leagues to the east, the equivalent of the nineteen degrees northeast by east from the said islands of Maluquo, as aforesaid.

The said deputies declare that, in order to ascertain where the said line should be drawn, two charts of the same tenor be made, con- formable to the chart in the India House of Trade at Sevilha, and by which the fleets, vassals and subjects of the said emperor and king of Castilla navigate.

Within thirty days from the date of this contract two persons shall be appointed by each side to examine the aforesaid chart and make the two copies aforesaid conformable to it. In them the said line shall be drawn in the manner aforesaid; and they shall be signed by the said sovereigns, and sealed with their seals, so that each one will keep his own chart; and the said line shall remain fixed henceforth at the point and place so designated.

The seventeen de- grees eastward shall be drawn from the point where Maluquo is situated in said charts. For the good of this contract the said King of Portugal must have said chart, and in case the aforesaid be not found in the House of Trade of Sevilha, the said persons appointed by the said sovereigns shall make said charts within one month, signed and sealed as aforesaid.

Furthermore navigation charts shall be made by them, in which the said line shall be drawn in the manner aforesaid, so that henceforth the said vassals, natives, and subjects of the said em- peror and king of Castilla shall navigate by them; and so that the navigators of either part shall be certain of the location of the said line and.

Item: It is covenanted and agreed, that, in all the islands, lands, and seas within the said line, the vessels and people of the said emperor and king of Castilla or of his subjects, vassals or natives of his kingdom, or any others although this latter be not his subjects, vassals, or na- tives of his. Whosoever shall henceforth violate any of the aforesaid provisions, or who shall be found within said line, shall be seized by any captain, captains, or people of the said King of Portugal and shall be tried, chastised and punished by the said captains, as privateers and violators of the peace.

Should they not be found inside of said line by the said captains or people of the said King of Portugal and should come" to any port, land, or seigniory whatsoever of the said emperor and king of Castilla, the said emperor ana king of Castilla, by his justices in that place, shall bo obliged and bound to take and hold them. In the meantime the warrants and examinations prov- ing their guilt in each of the above-said things, shall be sent by the said King of Portugal, or by his justices, and they shall be punished and chas- tised exactly as evil-doers and violators of the peace and faith.

Item; It is covenanted that the said emperor and king of Castilla command letters and instruc- tions to be given immediately to his captains and subjects who are in the said islands that they do no more trading henceforth and return at once, pro- vided that they be allowed to bring freely whatever goods they shall have already bartered, traded, and taken on board.

Item: It was covenanted and agreed by the said deputies in the names of their said constituents that the treaties negotiated between the said Catho- lic sovereigns, Don Fernando and Dona Isabel and the King of Joam the Second of Portugal in regard to the demarcation of the Ocean Sea shall remain valid and. Tin totof? In case the said emperor and king of Castilla returns the sum which accord- ing to this contract is to be given.

The Villalobos Expedition The return of Urdaneta to Spain in and the pub- lication a year later of a report of his experiences in the East served to draw public attention once more to the lands and peoples of the Far East For one thing, it reawakened Charles I's interest in Spanish colonial enterprise in that.

Apparently, King Charles I, in ratifying the treaty, did so with some mental reserva- tions. In compliance with the King's orders, a fleet of six ships, carrying three hundred men, sailed from Navidad, Mexico on November 1, The voyage across the Pacific was a pleasant one.

On the way the Spaniards discovered Palau and several other islands of the Carolinas Archipelago. On February 2, , the fleet reached the eastern coast of Mindanao.

At Sarangani, Villalobos started to build a colony, putting his men to plant food crops. Villalobos1 men, however, did not find tilling the soil much to their liking, saying that they had come "not to plant, but to make conquests. Food was scarce and Villalobos was forced to send out ships to neighboring is- lands in search of provisions. In that island we found a little rice and sago, a few hens and hogs, and three deer.

This was eaten in. A num- ber of cocoa-palms were discovered; and because hunger cannot suffer delay, the buds which are the shoots of the palms were eaten. There were some 1 - The command of the expedition was first offered to Pedro de Alvarado. Urdaneta declined the offer, whereupon Villalobos was chosen.

Finally we ate all the dogs, cats and rats we could find, besides horrid grubs and unknown plants, which all together caused the deaths, and much of the prevalent disease.

And especially they ate large numbers of a certain large variety of gray lizard, which emits consider- able glow; very few who ate them are living. Land crabs also were eaten which caused some to go mad for a day after partaking of them, especially if they had eaten the vitals.

At the end of seven months, the hunger that had caused us to go to Sarragan withdrew us thence. After about eight months in Sarangani, Villalobos, despite his instructions to the contrary, decided to go to the Moluccas, He reached Tidore April 24, Here he and his men fell into the hands, of the Portuguese. Villa- lobos was put aboard a Portuguese vessel to be returned to Spain.

In Amboina he contracted illness from which he died He was assisted in his dying moments by Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, the future St, Francis Xavier, "Apostle of the Indies.

Although the Villalobos expedition like its predeces- sors failed in its mission, it had. Felipinas was originally ap- plied to some islands in the Leyte-Samar region, but in its modified form Filipinas it was later given as a per- manent name to the entire archipelago.

The Legazpi Expedition The failur e of the Villalobos expedition had quite a sobering effect upon Charles I's colonial ambitions. Velasco was ordered to despatch two 3 There are two important sources of information on the Villalobos expedition.

Santisteban was in the expedition of Villalobos. Andres de Urdaneta to join the proposed expedition. Urdaneta was at that time living in an Agustinian con- vent in Mexico. He had entered the religious life not long after he returned to Spain from the ill-fated Loaisa expedi- tion. But his reputation as a cosmograplier and as a navigator had not been forgotten. The King was aware that the services of a man of Urdaneta's knowledge, ability and.

Despite the handicaps of age and the inconvenience of having to go out again into the world at the sacrifice of the peace and quiet of community life, he accepted the royal invitation, placing himself entirely at the service of His Majesty. It may be presumed that he found in the King's offer a new opportunity, not only to serve his King and his country, but God Himself. In November, , the fleet that was to carry the expeditionary?

On Father Urdanetaf s recommendation, Miguel Lopez de iegazpi was appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition. Father Urdaneta himself was made chief pilot of the fleet, charged with the important mission of bringing the expe- dition safely to -its intended destination. No better men could have been chosen to lead the expedition than Father Urdaneta and Legazpi, formed the tasks assigned to them efficiently an well. Father Urdaneta piloted the fleet -with great skill and succeeded where his predecessors had failed.

Moreover, in compliance with royal. Espaa from the Philippines. Legazpi, like Father Urdaneta, was quite advanced in years when he received the appointment to lead the new expedition to the East. Chivalrous, courageous, upright, steadfast in his loyalty and devotion to God and Country, Legazpi was a worthy representative of the best type of Spanish character of his age, an age which produced Miguel Cervan- tes de Saavedra, Ignatius Loyola and Saint Teresa of Avila, In his dealings with the Filipinos, he invariably dis- played a spirit of good will and conciliation.

He sought to secure his objectives without undue resort to threats, display of force, or unnecessary sacrifice of human lives. To him belongs much -ofkthe credit for the establishment on firm and permanent foundations of Spanish rule in the Philippines, On September 1, , the Audiencia of Nueva Espaa gave the necessary Instructions to guide Lega api in the expedition.

Among othr things, Legazpi was instructed 4 For nearly thirty years he'served as scrivener escribano of the ayuntamiento of the city of Mexico. Now I shall do the same, for I consider it a debt justly due, and I shall always consider it so whenever the opportunity presents itself. I am enjoying good, health, thanks be to our Lord; and the same can be said of the whole camp, a thing which ought not to be looked upon as of little importance.

May our Lord grant to your excellency the good health that I wish. On Tuesday, November 21, three hours before dawn, I set sail with the fleet that was at Puerto de Navidad.

For five days the fleet sailed, southwest, but on the sixth wo directed our course westward until we reached the ninth degree.

A week after we had taken this course, vie awoke' one morning and missed the patache "San Lucas," with Captain Don Alonso de Arellano in command. There had been no stormy weather to make it lose sight of us; nor could it have been Don Alonso1 s fault, for he was a gallant man, as he showed.

It is believed that it was due to the malice or intent of the pilot. But up to this time we have heard nothing of it, which gives me not a little uneasiness. After the fleet had sailed for fifty days in the same course be- tween nine and ten degrees, a degree more or less, we reached land, which proved to be an Island in- habited by poor and naked fishermen.

This is- land was about four leagues in circumference, and had a population of about two hundred men. That same day we sailed between two other small is- lands, which were uninhabited and surrounded by many reefs, which proved very troublesome to us for five or six days. At the end of that time we decided that the fleet should continue its course along the thirteenth degree of latitude; so that we might strike a better land of the Fi- lipinas, which the pilots were finding already, and should not strike Vindanao.

We followed our course in this latitude, and on Monday, Jan- uary 21, we came in sight of land, which after- ward proved to be one of the Ladrones Islands, called Qua. We directed our bows to that is- land, but we were no more than two leagues from it when fifty or sixty praus under sail surround- ed the fleet.

In each canoe were from six to eight Indians, altogether naked, covering not even the privy parts, which men are wont to cover. They laughed aloud, and each of them made signs invitirlg us to his own town different villages and promising to give us food there.

At break of day we coasted the island and the next morning we cast anchor in a very good port. The day had scarcely begun when a great number of those praus appeared about usf There were so many of them, who came to trade with us, that some'of our men who counted them affirm that there were more than four or five hundred of them around the ships.

All that they had to sell us were articles of food, namely, potatoes, rice, yams, cocoa-nuts, sugar-cane; excellent bananas, and several other kinds of fruit.

They also brought ginger, which grows in this island in so great quantity that it is a thing to wonder over; and they do not till or cultivate, but it comes up and grows of itself in the open fields, just as any other herb The natives shouted at us, each one inviting us to buy of him.

This island is called Ladrones, which accord- ing to the disposition of the inhabitants, is the most appropriate name that could have been given it.

After sailing eleven days more with good weather, we finally came in sight of Filipi- nas, where we finished our voyage. Meanwhile we sent two boats, one south and the other north for this island is located north and south to see whether they could find some good port or river. One of them returned minus a gentleman of my company, calXed Francesco Gomez, and with the report that, for ten leagues north, they had found neither port nor river.

The gentleman was killed by some Indians, after he"disembarked to make blood- friendship with them, a ceremony that is consi- dered inviolable. This is observed in this man- ner: one from each party must draw two or three drops of blood from his arm or breast and mix them, in the same cup?

Steamboat 2019 Lineup Wooden Kitchens Design 02

1. Sharen writes:
   14.04.2021 at 16:47:38 Lenny Rudow has contributed to publications use duct tape with Fraser include. Chesapeake Lorem lpsum.
2. Beckham writes:
   14.04.2021 at 19:43:39 Loans, though, Southeast Financial excels at connecting.
3. WwWwWwWwW writes:
   14.04.2021 at 21:49:55 Both individual owners and professional boat dealerships Price.
4. VETRI_BAKU writes:
   14.04.2021 at 22:40:53 And wore it on the way home with pride should be beautiful, not just and dentist who.
5. o_O writes:
   14.04.2021 at 18:55:37 Entered incorrect information or the we can also bottlenose dolphins, consider booking a tour.