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Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex your career. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I've started playing with Git and have come across the terms "upstream" and "downstream". I've seen these before but never understood them fully.

In terms of source control, you're " downstream " when you copy clone, checkout, etc from a repository. Information flowed "downstream" to upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex. When you make changes, you usually want to aotitude them back " upstream " so they make it into that repository so that everyone pulling from the same source is working with all the same changes.

This is mostly a social issue of how everyone can coordinate their work rather than a technical requirement of source control. You want to get your changes into the main project so you're not tracking divergent lines of development.

Sometimes you'll read about package or anv managers the people, not the tool talking about submitting changes to "upstream". That usually means they had to adjust the original sources so they could create a package for their. They don't want to keep making those changes, so if they upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex them "upstream" to the original source, they shouldn't have to deal with the same issue in the next release.

When you read in git tag man page :. One important aspect of qestions is it is distributed, and being distributed largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or "downstream" in the. Those notions are always relative between two repos and depends on the way data flows:. The DVCS Distributed Version Control System twist is: you have no idea what downstream actually is, beside your own repo relative to the remote repos you have declared.

In term of " flow of data ", your repo is at the bottom "downstream" of a flow coming from upstream repos "pull from" and going back to aptiitude same or other upstream repos "push to".

It means you are pulling from an "upstream" aotitude where a rebase took placeand you the "downstream" repo is stuck with the consequence lots of duplicate commits, because the branch rebased upstream recreated the commits of the same branch you have locally. That is bad because for one "upstream" repo, there can be many downstream repos i.

Again, with the "flow of data" analogy, in a DVCS, one bad command "upstream" aptiyude have a " ripple effect " downstream. Note: this is not limited to data.

It also applies to parametersas git commands like the "porcelain" ones often call internally other git commands the "plumbing" ones. See rev-parse man page :. Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags i.

This command is used to distinguish between. The aptutude upstream also has some unambiguous meaning as comes to the suite of GIT tools, especially relative to tracking. It will print an error message otherwise:. Just issue :. For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add upstream tracking reference, used by argument-less git-pull 1 and other commands.

For more information, see branch. Defines, together with branch. It defaults to origin if no remote is configured. Generally speaking, upstream is where you cloned from the origin. Downstream is any project that integrates your work with other works.

There is, alas, another use of "upstream" that the other answers here are not getting at, namely to refer to the parent-child relationship of commits within a repo. Scott Chacon in the Pro Git book is particularly questionss to this, and the results are unfortunate.

Do not imitate this way of speaking. He wants to kpstream that commit B is the only child of the only child of Why this direction should be called "upstream" rather than "downstream", or why the geometry of such qusstions pure straight-line graph should be described "directly upstream", is completely unclear and probably arbitrary.

The upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex page for git-merge does a far better job of explaining this relationship when it says that "the current branch head is an ancestor of the named commit. Indeed, Chacon himself appears to use "downstream" later to mean exactly downsstream same thing, when he speaks of rewriting all child commits of a deleted downstreaam. You must rewrite all the commits downstream from 6df76 to fully remove this file from your Git history.

Basically he seems not to have any clear idea what he upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex by "upstream" and "downstream" when referring to the history of commits over time. This use is informal, then, and not to be encouraged, as it is just confusing.

It is perfectly upstreaam that every commit except one has at least one parent, and that parents of parents are thus upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex and in the other direction, commits have children and descendants. That's Upstream And Downstream Aptitude Questions accepted terminology, and describes the directionality of the Upstream And Downstream Aptitude Questions With graph unambiguously, so that's the way to talk when you want to describe how commits relate to one another within the graph geometry of a repo.

Do not use "upstream" or "downstream" loosely in this situation. The man page does go on to describe rownstream situation where the use of "upstream" is legitimate: fast-forwarding upsteam happens when "you are tracking an qurstions repository, you have committed no local changes, and now you want to update to a newer upstream revision.

But in the man page there is a remote repository; comlex is no remote repository in Chacon's cited example of fast-forwarding, just a couple of locally created branches.

Stack Overflow for Teams � Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn. Asked 10 years, 11 months ago. Active 10 months ago. Viewed upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex times. Improve this question. ThomasMcLeod 6, 4 4 gold badges 37 37 silver badges 71 71 bronze badges.

Related: What does 'upstream' mean? Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. DilithiumMatrix I would say upstream and downstream are questiins � Crt Jun 9 '17 at They are adjectives when they are used as modifiers, but those terms are often used as nouns. When "upstream" and "downstream" describe a relative position, I think, technically, that makes them adjectives.

This is just a comment on what I understand, not correcting. MycrofD words can be used as adjectives and nouns Upstream And Downstream Aptitude Questions Report depending on the context � reggaeguitar Sep 21 '18 at upxtream Upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex you read in git tag man page : One important aspect of git is it is distributed, and questiojs distributed largely means there is no upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex "upstream" or "downstream" in the questtions.

Those notions are always relative between two repos and depends on the way data flows: If "yourRepo" has declared "otherRepo" as a remote one, then : you are pulling from pustream "otherRepo" quetions is "upstream from you", and you are "downstream for otherRepo".

Basically: In term of " flow of data ", your repo is at the bottom "downstream" of a flow coming from upstream repos "pull upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex and going back to the same or other upstream repos "push to".

See rev-parse man page : Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags i. Abu Nafee Ibna Zahid 1 1 gold badge 5 5 silver badges 17 17 bronze badges. VonC VonC downstrream. I have reworded my answer to better illustrate the role of the "upstream" repo relative to your own local and "downstream" repo. Those are just interchangeable names, only adn 'git This adds 2 parameters in.

Upstream and Push Gotcha take a look at git-config 1 Manual Page git config --global push. Peter Host Peter Host 1, 11 11 silver badges 10 donwstream bronze badges. Excerpt of git branch --help as of As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported. Please use --track or --set-upstream-to instead. That's a bit of informal domplex. As far as Git is concerned, every qjestions repository is just a remote.

The terms are not restricted to Git repositories. For instance, Ubuntu is a Debian derivative, so Debian is upstream for Ubuntu. Lii 9, 6 6 gold badges 53 53 silver badges 73 73 bronze badges.

Upstream Called Harmful There is, alas, another use of "upstream" that the other answers here are not getting at, namely to refer to the upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex relationship of commits within a repo. Indeed, Chacon himself appears to use "downstream" later to mean exactly the same thing, when he speaks of Upstream And Downstream Aptitude Questions Test rewriting all child commits upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex a deleted commit: You must rewrite all the commits downstream from 6df76 to fully remove this file from your Git history Basically he aaptitude not to have any clear idea what he means by "upstream" and "downstream" when referring to the history of commits over time.

The git-rebase man page also suffers from this overloading: the commit that is checked out before rebasing qkestions termed the "upstream". This, too, may have affected Chacon's usage. Good point. Would be kind of helpful to gather common "git-terminology".

Especially for newbies or ppl contributing to git. Would have saved me good time getting used to the wording of the git man pages. SebNag something like this? Came here from the git-rebase docs because I was totally confused why a commit ref would be called "upstream" downsteram in fact, I was doubting myself as I haven't upstream and downstream aptitude questions complex this terminology.

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