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20.05.2021, adminIn this page, each and answesr question originate with a step-wise solution. Moreover, it is a perfect guide to help you to score good marks in CBSE board examination. With the aim of imbibing skills and hard work among the students, the 10th class maths NCERT solutions have been designed. Real Numbers Class 10 has total of four exercises consists of 18 Problems.
Other topics included ch 3 maths class 10 extra questions and answers Fundamental Ch 3 maths class 10 extra questions and answers of Arithmetic, important properties of positive integers, fraction to decimals and decimals to a fraction.
Polynomials Class 10 has anv of four exercises consists of 13 Questions. Problems related to finding polynomials, Properties zeros and coefficient, long division of polynomials, finding a quadratic polynomial, finding zeros of polynomials are scoring topics.
Pair of Linear Equations Class 10 has total of seven exercises consists of 55 Problems. The problems claxs be based on concepts like linear equations in two variables, algebraic methods for solving linear equations, elimination method, cross-multiplication method Time and Work, Age, Boat Stream and equations reducible to a pair of linear equations these answers will give you ease in solving problems related to linear equations. Quadratic Equations Class 10 has total of four exercises consists of 24 Problems.
Ch 3 maths class 10 extra questions and answers Questions are related to clazs roots of quadratic equations and convert world problem into quadratic equations are easily scoring topics in board exams. Arithmetic Progressions Class 10 has total of four answets consists of 49 Problems. Triangles Class 10 has total of six exercises consists of 64 Problems.
The Questions are based on properties of triangles and 9 important theorems which are important in scoring good marks in CBSE Class 10 Exams. Coordinate Geometry Class 10 has total of four exercises consists of 33 Problems.
The Questions related to finding the distance between two points using their coordinates, Area of Triangle, Line divided in Ratio Section Formula are important models in class 10 boards. Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10 has total of four exercises consists of 27 Problems.
The questions based on trigonometric ratios of specific angles, trigonometric identities and trigonometric ratios of complementary angles are the main topics you will learn in this chapter.
Some Applications of Trigonometry Class 10 has one exercise consists of 16 Problems. In this chapter, you will be studying about real aanswers applications of trigonometry and questions are based on the practical applications of trigonometry.
Circle Class 10 has total of two exercises consists of 17 Problems. Understand concepts such as tangent, secant, number tangents from a point to a circle and. Constructions Class 10 has total of four exercises classs of 14 Problems. The Questions are based on drawing tangents and draw similar triangles are important topics. Areas Related to Circles Class answerd has total of three exercises qiestions of 35 Problems. Surface Areas and Volumes Class 10 has total of five exercises consists of 36 Problems.
The problems are based on finding areas and volumes of different solids such as cube, cuboid and cylinder, frustum, combination of solids. Statistics Class 10 has total of four exercises consists of 25 Problems. Problems related to find mean, mode or median of grouped data will be studied in this chapter. Solve questions by answere the concept of cumulative frequency distribution. Probability Class 10 has total of two exercises consists of 30 Problems.
Questions based on the concept of theoretical probability will be studied in this chapter. Class 10 maths is having 15 chapters to learn by the students in this academic year. NCERT Solutions are designed in a way that every student can znswers understand the ch 3 maths class 10 extra questions and answers into their minds and clarifies all their doubts within a few seconds.
The book is self-explanatory and helps students to innovate and explore in maths. What are the best reference books for class 10 CBSE? If you exra any questions, ping us through the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon answes possible. RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions. Watch Youtube Videos.
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The original number of chromosomes the amount of DNA becomes half during gamete formation. When the gametes fuse, the original number of chromosomes the amount of DNA is restored in the progeny. Justify this statement. Answer: Different forms of organisms have evolved during the course of evolution.
Classification deals with grouping of these organisms into groups and subgroups based on their similarities and differences. The more characteristics any two species have in common more closely they are related. In other words, they will have a more recent ancestor.
Thus, classification helps is tracing the evolutionary relationships between the two organisms. Hence classification and evolution are interlinked.
Explain the following: a Speciation, b Natural Selection. Answer: a The process by which new species develop from the existing species is known as speciation.
The factors which could lead to speciation are: i Geographical isolation of population caused by various types of barriers such as mountain ranges, rivers and seas. This leads to reproductive isolation because of which there is no flow of genes between separated groups of the population.
Their offsprings are also better developed and adapted to the environment. Whereas one who are less adapted to the environment may die. Thus, nature selects better-adapted organisms. This is called natural selection of the well-adapted, better-developed individuals of species. Answer: Natural selection is defined as the change in frequency of some genes in a population, which gives survival advantage to a species. Whereas speciation is the development of a new species from pre-existing ones.
This leads to a sequence of gradual change in the primitive organisms over millions of years, to form newer species which are very different from older ones. This is called evolution. Give the two ways by which age of the fossils can be estimated? Answer: Fossils are the remains of the organisms that once existed on earth, i. They provide evidence of evolution by revealing the characteristics of the past organisms and the changes that have occurred in these organisms to give rise to the present organisms.
Two ways of determining age Ch 3 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Group of fossils are:. Can we group eyes of these animals together to establish a common evolutionary origin? Justify your answer. State evidence to prove the statement. Answer: i No we can not group them together because the structure of the eye in each of the organisms is different. Later they evolved and adapted feathers for flights, thus becoming the ancestors of present-day birds. Mention three important features of fossils which help in the study of evolution.
Explain analogous organs and homologous organs. Identify the analogous and homologous organs amongst the following: Wings of an insect, wings of a bat, forelimbs of frog, forelimbs of a human. Answer: Analogous organs are those organs which have different structural designs and origin but perform similar functions. Homologous organs are those which have the same basic structural design and origin but perform different functions. Analogous organs: Wings of an insect, wings of a bat.
Homologous organs: Forelimbs of a frog, forelimbs of a human. Explain with the help of an example each, how the following provide evidences in favour of evolution: a Homologous organs b Analogous organs c Fossils Answer: a Homologous organs.
The study of these organs suggests that these organisms with organs having same structure but performing different functions have evolved from a common ancestor, e. The study of these apparently similar organs suggests that the organisms with apparently similar organs do not share common ancestory. Similarity in these organs is superficial or design and the structure of these organs are very different, e.
They provide the missing link between the species, e. Describe the contribution of Lamarck. Answer: The gradual unfolding of organisms from pre-existing organisms through changes since the beginning of life is called evolution. The theory proposed by J.
Lamarck is known as the theory of inheritance of acquired characters. According to this theory, the use and disuse of an organ leads to acquiring of change in that organ. These changes or variations can be passed on from one generation to the next but this idea of inheritance of acquired characters was soon discarded.
Or How did Mendel explain that it is possible that a trait is inherited but not expressed in an organism? Answer: Yes, it is possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed.
For example, when pure tall pea plants are crossed with pure dwarf pea plants, only tall pea plants are obtained in F, generation. On selfing will plants of F, both tall and dwarf plants are obtained in F, generation in the ratio 3 : 1.
Reappearance of the dwarf character, a recessive trait in F, generation shows that the dwarf trait was present in individuals of F, but it did not express. Answer: Mendel conducted a dihybrid cross; and observed that thought he started with two types of parents, he obtained four types of individuals in F.
The appearance of new recombination in F, generations along with parental type characters show that traits are inherited undependently of each other. Name two homologous structures in vertebrates. Why are they so called? How do such organs help in understanding an evolutionary relationship? Answer: Two homologous structures in vetebrates are:. These are called so because the organs have similar structure to perform different functions in various vertebrates.
The homologous characteristics of such organs indicate common ancestory. Thus these exist an evolutionary relationship. List three factors that provide evidences in favour of evolution in organisms and state the role of each in brief. Answer: Three factors that provide evidences are:. Does geographical isolation of individuals of a species lead to formation of a new species.
Provide a suitable explanation. Answer: Yes, geographical isolation gradually leads to genetic drift. This may impose limitations to sexual reproduction of the separated population. Slowly the separated individuals will reproduce among themselves and generate new variations.
Continuous accumulation of those new variations through a few generations may ultimately lead to the formation of a new species. What is an organic evolution? It cannot be equated with progress. Explain with the help of a suitable example. Answer: Organic evolution is a sequence of gradual changes which take place in the organism over millions of years resulting in the formation of new organisms or species. Evolution is not the progress from lower form of life to higher.
It has given rise to more complex body design even while simpler body designs continue to flourish. For example, human beings who have not evolved from chimpanzees, but have common ancestors. Give an example of the characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
Answer: Study of homologous organs such as forelimbs of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibian shows that though they perform different functions but they have similar basic or internal structure. This is because they have evolved from common ancestor and help us in determining the closeness between two species in evolutionary terms. Explain with reason why giraffe has long neck. But this theory has been completely discarded.
Only giraffes with long necks survived. Give reason to support your answer. So, it will continue to have tail because absence of tail is an acquired trait and not an inherited trait. In the following crosses write the characteristics of the progeny.
Answer: i When Mendel cross-pollinated pure tall pea plants with pure dwarf pea plants, only tall plants were obtained in F generation. On self pollinating the F, progeny, both tall and dwarf plants appeared in F, generation in the ratio 3 : 1.
Appearance of tall character in both the F, and F, shows that it is a dominant character. The absence of dwarf character in F, generation and its reappearance in F, shows dwarfness is the recessive character. No wrinkled-green seeds were obtained in the generation. From this, it was concluded that round shape and yellow colour of the seeds were dominant traits over the wrinkled shape and green colour of the seeds.
When the F, generation pea plants having round-yellow seeds were cross-bred by self-pollination, then four types of seeds having different combinations of shape and colour were obtained in second generation F2. These were round-yellow, round-green, wrinkled-yellow and wrinkled green seeds. Such a cross is known as dihybrid cross as two sets of corresponding characters are considered. Mendel observed that along with round-yellow and wrinkled-green, two new combinations of characteristics, round-green and wrinkled-yellow, had appeared in the F, generation.
On the basis of this observation, Mendel concluded that though the two pairs of original characteristics seed colour and shape combine in the F generation, they get separated and behave independently in the subsequent generation. What are the various evidences in favour of evolution? Or Explain with an example for each, how the following provides evidences in favour of evolution in organisms: i Homologous organs ii Analogous organs iii Fossils Or List three factors that provide evidences in favour of evolution in organisms and state the role of each in brief.
Or Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples Answer: The following are the various evidences in favour of evolution: i Homologous organs: Organs with a common basic structural design but with different functions are said to be homologous organ.
For example, forelimbs of a frog, lizard, bird and man. The forelimbs of man are used for grasping of lizard for running of frog for propping up and bird for flying.
They have different functions but have same structural pattern. For example, the wing of insects and the wing of birds, have a totally different anatomy and origin but they perform the same function of flying of flying in air.
For example, the fossil Archaeopteryx looks like a bird but it bears a number of other features, which are found in reptiles. This observation provides a clue that birds have evolved from reptiles.
Explain the ways in which evolutionary relationships can be traced. Answer: Evolutionary relationships can be traced in the following ways: i Study of homologous organs: Some organs in different organisms are similar in structure and design because they are inherited from a common ancestor.
For example, forelimbs of horse, wings of bird and arms of man may be functionally different, but because of their similarity in structure, origin and design, they indicate that horse, birds and man are closely linked and had a common ancestor. Comparing their organ structure with organ structure of present-day organisms also enable us to trace evolutionary relationships. This, too, can be used as a criterion to trace evolutionary relationships.
Describe briefly various theories related with evolution. It is due to struggle for food, space and mate. He gave the example of Giraffes, which initially did not had long necks.
But, in order to reach the leaves on tall trees, they adapted by elongation of their necks. Bypassing this acquired character to succeeding generations over the years they came to acquire long necks. How are they formed? Describe in brief two methods of determining the age of fossils.
State any one role of fossils in the study of the process of evolution. Or What are fossils? List two methods of determining the age of fossils. Explain in brief the importance of fossils in deciding the evolutionary relationships.
Answer: Fossils are dead remains of animals and plants from remote past. Fossils are formed when dead organisms are not completely decomposed. Two methods of determining the age of fossils are:. List four factors that could lead to speciation. Which of these cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species? Give reason to justify your answer. Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species because physical barrier cannot be created in self-pollinating plants.
Answer: A wild variety of a plant may show different variations. Humans have selected some such variants and grown them for generations and during the course of time, they have become totally different species. For example, variants in wild cabbage were selected on the basis of certain features to generate different vegetables.
Explain them with suitable diagram. This law has its basis from the monohybrid Cross. The gametes are always pure for a particular character because a gamete may carry either the dominat or the recessive character but not both because it is a haploid structure. Advantages of Selecting pea plant: It is annual with short life cycle. So, several generations can be studied in short period.
It contains bisexual flowers, which are self pollinating. It is easy to cross pollinate it. Write the expanded form of DNA. Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid. Answer: Archaeopteryx provides evidence of evolution of birds from reptiles and its study shows that: birds and reptiles had a common ancestor.
Answer: Following are the causes of variations: Dual percentage: Offsprings inherit some features from mother and some from father hence no offspring will exactly resemble to either of the parents or each other. Mutation in gene or chromosomal pattern also causes variations. Now, factors are known as genes� Question 5. Answer: All human races have evolved from a common ancestor because everybody has: Common body design, structure, physiology and metabolism.
Constant chromosome number. Common genetic blue print. Freely inter-breeding species. Answer: A process where a DNA molecule produces two similar copies of itself in a reproducing cell is called DNA copying Its importance are: It makes the transmission of characters from parents to the next generation possible.
It causes variation in the population. Only germ cells are responsible for passing on the characters from the parents to the progemy.
These traits can be passed to the next generation when the changes are in the DNA of the germ cell. Factors responsible for speciation: Genetic drift Natural selection Geographical isolation Mutation Question Answer: Question Two ways of determining age of fossils are: Relative method � fossils closer to the surface are more recent.
Datting-finding the ratio of different isotopes of the same element. Answer: Fossils represent modes of preservation of ancient species. Fossils help in establishing evolutionary traits among organisms and their ancestors. Fossils help in establishing the time period in which organisms lived. Answer: Two homologous structures in vetebrates are: limbs of birds and reptiles limbs of reptiles and amphibians. Answer: Three factors that provide evidences are: Analogous organs-organisms with similar looking organs may have different origin.
Homologous organs-organisms with apparently different looking organs may have similar origin. Fossils-allow us to make estimates of how far back evolutionary relationship go. Fossils when chronologically arranged help in tracing the evolutionary history of an organism. Give the basic features of the mechanism of inheritance. Answer: Characteristics are controlled by genes.
Each gene controls one character. There may be two or more forms of gene. One form may be dominant over the other. Genes are present on chromosomes.
An individual has to forms of gene whether similar or dissimilar. The two forms separate from each other at the time of gamete formation. The two forms are brought together in the zygote. Fossils near the surface are recent and those in the deeper layers are more ancient. In other words, an equation in a line is achieved by relating zero to any field of linear polynomial from which we can obtain the coefficients id known as a linear equation with one variable.
The answers of linear equations produce values that make a true equation when exchanged with unknown values. However, when it comes to two variables linear equation, the Euclidean plane's answer is calculated as Cartesian coordinates. A line is determined in an X-Y plane through various forms. Here, we have a list of some common conditions which we use to solve linear equations. Slope Intercept Form. General Form.
Intercept Form. Two-point Form. Point Form. The combination of variables and constants form a linear equation. The most common way to solve linear equations is in the slope-intercept form. Considering the points on the x-y plane, a straight line equation is formed as the linear equation. The intercept form is represented when the axes of the lines intersect in two different points on the x-y plane and are neither parallel to the y-axis or the x-axis.
Suppose x 1 ,y 1 and x 2 ,y 2 are two points, and only one line passes through these points, then the linear equation is represented as. To solve a linear equation, you must balance both sides of the equation.
When you place the equality sign in between the equation, it denotes that the value on both sides of the equation is equal.
The balanced equation requires specific ways of solving it as you cannot change anyone side's value. To find the value of x, the first step is to simplify both sides and then put all the x consonants on one side, finding out the value of x.
There are different methods that you can use to solve linear equations with two variables. Substitution method. Cross multiplication method. Elimination method. Determinant methods. When looking for values of the variables like x and y, it is important to solve two sets of equations. Since a single equation can have an infinite amount of solutions. Draw the equations on graph paper where the coordinates of the points intersect the lines at the y-axis.
Solve the pair of linear equations. Find two numbers that have a sun of 75 and a difference of
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