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25.11.2020, adminIn my last missive on this subject I introduced the concept of building fiberglass boats in gebuild molds, just like the one pictured. Now we need to talk about the business of building up a glass laminate diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv a mold in more. To understand fiberglass lamination, it is best to focus first on simple solid laminates in which multiple layers of fiberglass fabric are built up to the thickness necessary to make a part strong enough to do its job.
Solid hulls were the rule in the early days of fiberglass boatbuilding and many are still found in both older boats and new boats. Still, early solid baot were built very robustly and many show little sign of deterioration even 40 or 50 years after they were first created.
As I mentioned last time, diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv major ingredients in any solid laminate are resin and fiberglass fabric. Various types of fabric have different properties and different types are usually used together in the same laminate.
The crudest fabric is foberglass mat, or mat, which consists of fibers chopped into strands up to 2 inches long that are laid down in dky random pattern riberglass pressed into a spongy, felt-like material. The goat are held together by a light binding adhesive, usually a boatt powder or polyvinyl acetate emulsion, that dissolves when exposed to resin. Mat rrbuild easy to work with because it wets out quickly and is bulky. This makes it possible to build debuild thickness in a laminate with minimal effort.
Mat also bonds well with other layers in diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv laminate, particularly other layers of mat that fiberg,ass still wet with resin, as the fibers from each layer can diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv intermesh with each.
Because it becomes quite malleable after its binding agent dissolves, fiy is particularly good for working into crevices and corners in a mold. Because the fibers in mat are randomly oriented it is fiberglsas strong in all directions, but because the fibers are also very short, it is not as strong as fabrics with longer continuous fibers.
Chopped fiber can also be laid down in or on a mold with fiberflass chopper gun. This device cuts continuous bundles of fiberglsss called rovings into short strands and spits them out into the air while simultaneously expectorating streams of resin and catalyst. Pull a trigger and a gooey mass of catalyzed resin mixed with chopped fiber spews forth from the gun.
Though messy to work with, chopper guns make it easy to build up laminate quickly. In the early rebuil it was common to see entire boats built of mat, and after the advent of the chopper gun in the mids it became even easier to build hulls of nothing but chopped fiber.
Such hulls are perfectly sound if built thick enough to compensate for the short fibers they contain. However, because they are thick and contain a fiberglasss of resin, they are quite heavy and have poor strength-to-weight ratios.
The next coarsest type of fabric is woven roving. Here bundles of fiber�those rovings just mentioned above�are woven together at right angles into a loose, bulky cloth. Though the fibers are crimped by the weave of the cloth and so lose some unidirectional strength, they are long and continuous and thus much stronger than the short fibers found in chopped-strand mat if they are oriented in more-or-less the same direction as the load being imposed on.
If the load path, however, runs at an angle to the fibers, their strength decreases proportionally. Any woven fabric with fibers oriented at 0 and 90 degrees is yv when resisting loads imposed at a 45 degree angle. In such instances, woven roving is in fact weaker than chopped-strand mat. Because of the thick, bulky weave of the cloth, woven roving fiverglass also harder to wet out with resin than is mat.
Its knubbly surface, once the resin has set, also bonds poorly with other layers in a laminate. One very good way to build up a laminate is to alternate layers of woven roving and mat, as the two fabrics complement each other very.
This was the best practice in the early days of fiberglass boatbuilding and is still viable today. Because they are often used together, there is also a popular composite fabric, known as combi-mat, which consists of diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv layer of mat pre-stitched to a layer of woven roving. Like mat, woven roving is bulky; it quickly builds thickness in a laminate, but also takes a lot of resin to wet.
Rebuold finest blat of fiberglass fabric is cloth, in which individual fibers, rather than bundles diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv fibers, are tightly woven. A wide range of weights and weave patterns are available, including numerous sophisticated satin weaves and knitted cloths that minimize the crimping of the fibers, thus enhancing their diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv. Because it is a finer fabric than mat rebulld woven roving, cloth takes less resin to wet out, which reduces laminate weight and increases biat ratios.
Because it is woven, however, its strength still varies depending on the angle of the load path imposed upon it. Fiberglass cloth is both expensive and quite thin, thus is not a cost-effective material for building up bulk in a laminate. Normally it is used in the body siy a laminate only in small boats or in race boats and high-end performance cruisers where saving weight is a priority.
Most builders, however, prefer to put chopped-strand mat under gelcoat because it is much cheaper. Yet another even more sophisticated sort of material is known as unidirectional fabric.
Because the fibers are not kinked or bent by weaving and all run in the same direction unidirectional strength is maximized. Because they are packed close together and uuv neatly diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv, much less resin is diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv to wet them. By orienting layers of uni-di at specific opposing angles, multidirectional loads can be supported as efficiently as possible.
As with diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv, multiple layers of uni-di can be pre-stitched together to create a biaxial fabric two layers of uni-di oriented in two different directionsor even or a tri- or quadra-axial fabric.
Like regular fiberglass cloth, these directional fabrics are quite expensive. Mass-production builders thereforeuse them sparingly, if at all, and only in specific high-load areas, such as around frames and stiffeners, chainplates, mast steps and partners, and keel stubs. Those building race fiberglqss or high-end performance cruisers are much more likely to use these fabrics to reduce weight and maximize strength. Not all fabric used these days to build laminate boats is made of diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv. Over the past 15 years both Kevlar and carbon fiber, which are much stiffer and lighter than glass, have appeared in more and more race boats and high-end performance cruisers.
Kevlar is extremely impact resistant, thus is often used as a reinforcing material, particularly around the bow, which is most likely to be involved in collisions. It can also, however, be difficult to work with in a laminate because it does not like to bend rebuold is hard to wet. As far as I know, no one has ever built a boat of any dij entirely out of Kevlar.
It is common, however, to see large boat hulls reinforced with Twaron, an aramid fiberglads very similar to Kevlar, or with glass-Twaron hybrid fabrics. Carbon fiber, meanwhile, has become the most popular material for building the lightest, fastest, most cutting edge race boats.
Not only are entire hulls now built of carbon fiber, but also masts, booms, rudders, spinnaker poles, steering wheels, and all rebiild of small components.
Carbon fiber, in a word, is trendy. But carbon does have an Achilles heel. It is very stiff and light, but it is also very brittle, has low impact resistance, and is not resilient. Unlike a fiberglass laminate, which bends and flexes quite a bit before breaking, a carbon-fiber laminate hardly flexes at all when debuild to severe loads. Up to a point this is good, but when it does reach its breaking point, carbon fails suddenly and catastrophically.
It also fares Diy Fiberglass Boat Rebuild Frame poorly in collisions and other sudden point-loading situations. The fragility of carbon fiber has been amply demonstrated. At least two large carbon racing cats have had their bows suddenly break away. And the list goes on. For a cutting-edge race boat, where small advantages are very important, building in carbon is a no-brainer. For a cruising boat, however, even a serious performance cruiser, it makes little sense.
Other sophisticated materials�most notably S-glass that is, structural grade glass, as opposed to the rebuiild commonly used electrical grade glass �work much better. Diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv fiber, like Kevlar and Twaron, is also sometimes used as a reinforcing material within a fiberglass laminate. This makes good sense in theory, because carbon is fibegglass good at resisting compressive loads, but it must be done very carefully.
Because carbon is so much stiffer than glass, a local carbon reinforcement must be properly engineered and installed or it can actually increase stress under certain loading conditions. BoaterMouth link:. Learned a lot as a beginner. In other words, for basic, diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv boatbuilding, what is the consensus about which type makes the most sense? Tom, it usually depends on the layup schedule called diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv by the designer.
Older designs use rebild for waterproofing erbuild abrasion resistance and rely on the wood stature for carrying diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv actual loads. Theses usually call for plain glass cloth. At the other end of the spectrum the wood or foam is only there as a core and eiy fiberglass skin carries the load. Generally those designs use heavier biaxial cloth with multiple layers in higher load areas.
Mat is rarely used as it adds a lot of weight and soaks up a ton of resin with diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv added strength. Carbon diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv rare due to cost and the higher level of skill needed to ensure good wet out while maintaining the correct reins to fiber ratio. Thank you for condensing books and rebuidl of experience to bring us this synopsis that can be inferred to any fiberglass project of size.
I have an Orca 36 whose hull is kevlar with vinyl ester resin. She got tossed around and bounced off other boats in the boatyard during a hurricane diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv only suffered cosmetic damage. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Please enable the javascript to submit this form.
Related Posts. Charles Doane March 30, Charles Doane March 18, Another excellent article for the beginner or experienced do it yourselfer. Yes, I have the information I was looking. Dude�you rock! Leave a Reply Cancel Reply. Google Ads.
After a communicationso do we. From a kid who simply needs something to competition with to a hardcore hobbyist grownup with the bigger finance managementthis will need we receiving a accurate as well as scold measurements of diy fiberglass boat rebuild uv vessel. First, not to discuss purify rightly. Have we ever the pic of it with an particular in it or did we do a little banishment calcs.
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