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This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily. N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms. O 2 has a double covalent bond. Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds.
Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy.
Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :.
Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity?
Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:. Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively.
Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal. Explain by giving examples: Solution: A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid. This insoluble compound is called a precipitate.
An example of a precipitation reaction Aqueous silver nitrate AgNO3 , when added to a solution containing potassium chloride KCl , precipitates a white solid, and silver chloride is observed. Solution: The shiny brown colored element X is copper metal Cu. When copper metal is heated in air, it forms a black colored compound copper oxide.
So, the black colored compound is the copper oxide or copper II oxide, CuO. Question 17 Why do we apply paint on iron articles? Solution: Rust is a soft and porous substance, which gradually falls from the surface of an iron object, and then the iron below starts rusting. Thus, rusting of iron or corrosion of iron is a continuous process which, if not prevented in time, eats up the whole iron object.
So, when we apply paint on iron articles it reduces the rusting of iron. Question 18 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Solution: Packaging fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas can prevent rancidity. When the fat and oil present in food materials gets oxidised in air , their oxidation products have an unpleasant smell and taste.
When it is surrounded by unreactive gas, nitrogen, there is no oxygen of air to cause its oxidation and make it rancid. Question 19 Explain the following terms with one example each. Corrosion b. Rancidity Solution: a.
Corrosion is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 5 Ncert Solutions Company a chemical on their surface. Corrosion is caused mainly by the oxidation of metals by the oxygen of air. Example: Rusting of iron is the most common form of corrosion. This is called rusting of iron.
The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fat and oil in food which is marked by an unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity. Example: Rancidity can be retarded by keeping food in a refrigerator. The refrigerator has a low temperature inside it. When the food is kept in a refrigerator, the oxidation of fat and oil in it is slowed down due to low temperature.
So, the development of rancidity due to oxidation is retarded. Question 20 Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? Solution: To remove the oxide layer and facilitates rapid burning. Question 21 Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions. Question 22 Write a balanced chemical equation and state symbols for the following reactions. Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride b.
Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with hydrochloric acid solution in water to produce sodium chloride solution and water. Question 24 Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped into it? Solution: In this reaction, iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
The deep blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades due to the formation of light green solution of iron sulphate. A red-brown coating of copper metal is formed on the surface of the iron metal. This displacement reaction occurs because iron is more reactive than copper.
Question 25 Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions. The addition of oxygen is Called oxidation.
So the substance that is oxidized is sodium Na. In this reaction, copper oxide CuO gives the oxygen required for the oxidation of hydrogen; therefore, copper oxide is the oxidizing agent.
Hydrogen is responsible for removing oxygen from copper oxide; therefore, hydrogen is the reducing agent here. Question 1. When crystals of lead nitrate are heated strongly in a dry test tube a crystals immediately melt b a brown residue is left c white fumes appear in the test tube d a yellow residue is left Answer: b Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 4 Api Pungent smelling, brown fumes are evolved due to NO 2 gas and brown coloured residue of lead oxide PbO is left. Question 2. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified permanganate solution.
The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the observation? In acidic medium, KMnO 4 oxidises ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate. Question 3. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to granulated zinc taken in a test tube. The following observations are recorded.
Point out the correct observation. HCl to form zinc chloride and bubbles of colourless and odourless hydrogen gas is evolved. Question 4. When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is a black b white c yellow d pink Answer: b When a Mg ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is of magnesium oxide which is white in colour. Question 5. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken.
Resend OTP. Don't miss this! Ok Cancel. Ok Choose Chapter. Ok Choose Topic. Yes No. Choose Subjects. Choose Chapters. Sodium Water Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen. In the above chemical reaction, sodium and water are the reactants and the products formed as a result of the reaction are Sodium hydroxide and Hydrogen. The following observations can be identified as changes during a chemical reaction:. A chemical equation is a shorthand form for a chemical change represented by symbols.
The reactants and the products obtained as a resultant of a chemical change are represented by symbols and formulas. Reactants Products. This equation is called the word equation. The word equation can be changed into a chemical equation by writing the formulae and the symbols of the substance instead of their names.
Methane Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water. A chemical equation shows a change of reactants to final products through an arrow symbol that is placed between them. The arrowhead pointing towards the products showing the direction of the reaction. Reactants to yield Products. In the above reaction, the number of Ammonium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Chloride is reacting to form the products Ammonium Chloride and Water. If you observe, in the above equation the number of atoms in the reactants and the products are not the same on both sides.
This kind of unbalanced equation is called a skeletal chemical equation. When the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation then the equation is known as a balanced chemical equation. The balancing of a chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass. The method of hit and trial can be used for balancing a chemical equation. In this method, we keep making trials to balance the equation by using the smallest whole number of coefficients.
The number of atoms of each element never changes, before and after a chemical reaction in this method. There are many steps involved in balancing a chemical equation. The first step is to write an unbalanced equation and enclose the formulae in brackets.
Sodium Water Sodium Hydroxide Hydrogen. The second step is to make a list of the number of atoms of different elements as present in an unbalanced equation.
Next step is to balance the first element. From the above table, it is known that atoms in Hydrogen are not balanced. So, first we need to balance it. Atoms of H. In Reactants. In Products. To balance. Then balance the second element. We examine the obtained equation and select the next unbalanced element. In the above chemical equation, Na is still not balanced. To balance the number of atoms in Na,. Atoms of Na. Thus, after the balancing the Na, we get the final chemical equation:.
Further, we have to balance the other elements. If we further examine the reaction, no element is found to be unbalanced. This method that we used is called the hit and trial method. Finally, we need to check the accuracy of the equation. To check where the equation is correct, we further tabulate the number of atoms of each element separately.
Number of atoms in Reactants LHS. Number of atoms in Products RHS. The above table clearly reveals that the obtained equation is a balanced equation. Step 1: Enclose all the symbols or formulae in brackets. Step 2: Count the number of atoms in each element on both the sides of the equation. Step 3: From the above Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 4 Review table, it is known that hydrogen has the maximum number of atoms.
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