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Naraura nuclear power plant 2. Kalpakkam nuclear power plant 3. Question 4. A thermal power plant 2. A nuclear power plant 3. A thermal power plant Answer. Question 5. Kudremukh iron ore mines 2. Durg iron ore mines 3. Mangaluru: iron ore exporting port 4. Nellore mica producing region Answer. Question 6.
Features are marked by numbers in the given map of India. An iron ore exporting port 2. Mica producing region 3. Bauxite producing region Answer. Question 7. Kakrapar nuclear power plant 2. Vishakhapatnam iron ore exporting port 3. Belagavi silk industry 4. Bhilai iron and steel industry Answer. Question 8. An oil field 2.
A thermal power plant 3. Smallest national highway Answer. There are three methods to compute the scale of an aerial photograph using different sets of information. Method 1: By Establishing Relationship Between Photo Distance and Ground Distance: If additional information like ground distances of two identifiable points in an aerial photograph is available, it is fairly simple to work out the scale of a vertical photograph. The corresponding ground distances is expressed by Dg and for which the distances on an aerial photograph is expressed as Dp.
Both are measured. In such cases, the scale of an aerial photograph will be measured as a ratio of the two, i. However, if a reliable map is available for the area shown on an aerial photograph, it can be used to determine the photo scale. In other words, the distances between two points identifiable both on a map and the aerial photograph enable us to compute the scale of the aerial photograph Sp. The photo scale so determined could be more reliable if the given aerial photograph is truly vertical or near vertical and the terrain photographed is flat.
The focal length of the camera f and the flying height of the aircraft H are provided as marginal information on most of the vertical photographs. Question 1. Which of the following is not a type of aerial photograph on the basis of axis of the camera? Question 2. When and which city of India was the first where aerial photograph was taken? Question 3. When and which country of the world was the first where aerial photograph was taken? Question 4. The perpendicular distance between the camera lens and the negative plane is known as what?
Question 5. What is the ratio of a distance on an aerial photograph the distance between the same two places on the ground in the real world called? Question 6. What is the perpendicular distance from the perspective centre to the plane of the photograph called? Answer: b Principal distance. What are aerial photographs? Answer: A photograph taken from an air-borne platform using a precision camera is called an aerial photograph. What is the difference between aerial photographs and satellite images?
Answer: Aerial photographs are taken from the camera kept in helicopter or aeroplanes. On the other hand, satellite images are taken from man-made satellites launched in the space. Name the eight elements used to describe Satellite images. Answer: Eight important elements which are being used for describing satellite images are element size, shape, shadow, colour coordination, colour formation, background, correlation and context.
What is a satellite image? Answer: An image taken from man-made satellites launched in the space is called satellite image. What is a small scale photograph? Answer: The photographs with the scale being smaller than 1 : 30,, are referred to as small scale photographs.
What are fudicial marks? Answer: Index marks, rigidly connected at the central or corner edges of the camera body are called fudicial marks. When the film is exposed, these marks appear on the film negative.
Question 7. What are orthophotos? Answer: Aerial photographs need to be transformed from perspective view to the planimetric view before they can be used as map substitute. Such transformed photographs are known as orthophotos. Question 8. What are the different bases used for classifying aerial photographs? Answer: The aerial photographs are classified on the basis of the position of the camera axis, scale, angular extent of coverage and the film used.
Question 9. Why can we use aerial photographs as historic record? Answer: An aerial photograph is a record of the surface features at an instance of exposure. It can, therefore, be used as a historical record. Question How can aerial photograph be used to derive the photo scale formula? What is Orthogonal Projection? Answer: This is a special case of parallel projections. Maps are orthogonal projections of the ground.
What are the advantages of aerial photographs? Answer: Given below are the advantages of aerial photographs:. The distance between two points on an aerial photograph is measured as 2 centimetres. The known distance between the same two points on the ground is 1 km. Compute the scale of the aerial photograph Sp. The distance measured between two points on a map is 2 cm.
The corresponding distance on an aerial photograph is 10 cm. Calculate the scale of the photograph when the scale of the map is 1: 50, Compute the scale of an aerial photograph when the flying height of the aircraft is m and the focal length of the camera is 15 cm. Differentiate between: i Aerial photograph and map. Answer: i. It is more useful in disaster management by predicting weather and taking preventive actions. Explain about different types of aerial photographs on the basis of position of camera axis.
Vertical Photographs: While taking aerial photographs, two distinct axes are formed from the camera lens centre, one towards the ground plane and the other towards the photo plane. When the photo plane is kept parallel to the ground plane, the two axes also coincide with each other.
The photograph so obtained is known as vertical aerial photograph. This kind of photograph is often used in reconnaissance surveys.
It is shown with the help of following figure. Such photography is useful in illustrative surveys. How can we classify aerial photographs on the basis of scale? Explain in detail about aerial photographs and satellite images. It requires a special type of training to understand and interpret aerial photographs. Many countries are making use of aerial photographs not only for defence purposes but also for planning land use, development of cities and towns, development of multipurpose projects etc.
Satellite images are used to predict climatic conditions. It becomes easy to predict weather by using satellite images, wre can find mineral availability, land use plan by making use of satellite images. Explain different types of projection. Answer: There are three types of projection: 1. Parallel Projection: In this projection, the projecting rays are parallel but not necessarily perpendicular. Orthogonal Projection: This is a special case of parallel projections. The advantage of this projection is that the distances, angles or areas on the plane are independent of the elevation differences of the objects.
In the figure given below an orthogonal projection is where the projecting rays are perpendicular to the line LL1. Central Projection: Figure given below shows an example of Central Projection. In this figure the projecting rays Aa, Bb and Cc pass through a common point O, which is called the perspective Centre.
The image projected by a lens is treated like a central projection. An aerial photograph, as discussed earlier is a central projection. In an absolutely vertical flat terrain the aerial photograph will be geometrically the same as the corresponding map of the area.
However, because of the tilt of the photograph and relief variations of the ground photographed, an aerial photograph differs geometrically from the map of the corresponding area. Name three agencies eligible to take aerial photographs in India. Answer: In India three flying agencies are officially permitted to carry out aerial photography. They are:. How can scale of aerial photographs be obtained by establishing relationship between Photo Distance and Ground Distance?
Answer: If additional information like ground distances of two identifiable points in an aerial photograph is available, the corresponding ground distances is expressed by Dg and for which the distances on an aerial photograph is expressed as Dp. Explain how can scale of aerial photograph be measured by establishing relationship between Photo Distance and Map Distance? Answer: The distances between different points on the ground are not always known. Scale of an aerial photograph is , It will be called what type of ph otograph?
Answer: It will be called Medium Scale Photograph. It will be called what type of photograph? Answer: It will be called high oblique photograph.
What is the visibility range of our eyes and film of aerial photographs? Answer: Our eyes perceive only in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i. Multiple choice questions. Answer: c Low-oblique Question 1 ii.
Answer the following questions in about 60 words. Answer the following questions in about words. Answer: The photographs with the scale being smaller than 1 : 30,, are referred to as small scale photographs Question 6. Answer: Given below are the advantages of aerial photographs: The photographs taken from ground provide us with a view of the object similar to the way we see them with our own eyes.
The sensitivity of the film used in taking aerial photographs is relatively more than the sensitivity of the human eyes. Aerial photographs are generally taken with uniform exposure interval.
Such a pair of photographs also helps us in getting a three-dimensional view of the surface photographed. It is an orthogonal Projection. Accuracy An aerial photograph is geometrically incorrect. The distortion in the geometry is minimum at the centre and increases towards the edges of the photographs. A map is geometrically correct representation of the part of the earth projected.
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