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23.02.2021, adminCisco IOS Release Spectrum management support is divided Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/class-maths/ch-4-of-maths-class-10 check this out two main spectrum upstream speed index. Guided and scheduled spectrum management features supported in software.
Intelligent and advanced spectrum management features supported in hardware only on specific cable interfaces. Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the Feature Information Table at the end of this document.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. The table below shows the hardware compatibility prerequisites for the spectrum management and advanced management feature supported for the Cisco CMTS routers. The hardware components introduced in a given Cisco IOS Spectrum upstream speed index will be supported in all subsequent releases unless otherwise specified. Guided and scheduled spectrum management features Spectrum Upstream Speed Control require one spectrum upstream speed index the following Cisco CMTS routers, and one or more of the indicated cable interfaces:.
Cisco uBR series router and one or more of the following cable interfaces:. Cisco uBR router spectrum upstream speed index one or more of the following cable interfaces:. Intelligent and advanced spectrum management hardware-based, carrier-to-noise ratio spectrum upstream speed index frequency hopping requires the following Cisco CMTS routers and one or more of the indicated cable interfaces:.
Ensure that your network is designed to support reliable broadband data transmission. At minimum, your network must include:. Diplex filters installed in the downstream RF path between the cable modems and the cable interface cards in the router.
Avoid frequencies with known ingress problems such as amateur radio bands or short-wave bands. When designing your channel plan, allow extra bands for frequency hopping. Use the receive power level setting to perform slight equalization adjustments. Due to the nature of CATV technology, upstream noise management is spectrum upstream speed index significant issue.
Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/plans/boat-plans-for-sale-nyse Learn more here spectrum management does not support inter-line-card shared spectrum groups. Guided spectrum management does support inter-line-card shared spectrum groups. The guided and scheduled spectrum management features are available for all currently supported cable interface spectrum upstream speed index cards. These features were released in phases.
The table below summarizes the individual features in this basic spectrum management feature set, and the initial Cisco IOS software releases that introduced. The intelligent and advanced spectrum management features were also released in phases. The table below shows the minimum software releases that are needed for these features on the cable interface line cards that support.
To use the Dynamic Upstream Modulation feature, you must create a secondary modulation profile that has a higher modulation scheme than the preconfigured profile. However, the third modulation profile is optional. Upstream modulation profiles are assigned to upstream ports and affect all cable modems on those upstream ports. Modulation profiles affect the physical layer of the spectrum upstream speed index network, so only trained technicians who are familiar with the Data-over-Cable Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS specifications should create modulation profiles.
When using the Dynamic Upstream Modulation feature with Voice over IP VoIP services, frequent changes to the upstream modulation or channel width could briefly impact the quality of voice calls.
When using cable interface line cards that support advanced spectrum management, do not configure fixed-frequency spectrum groups by specifying a frequency using the cable spectrum-group frequency command for example, cable spectrum-group 3 frequency If fixed-frequency spectrum groups are desired, configure a band with a starting and ending range, which along with the desired channel width specifies the desired center frequency. In this situation, you must also configure a static channel width so that the Dynamic Upstream Modulation feature does not attempt to hop to a different frequency using a smaller channel width.
For example, to specify a center frequency of 7. We recommend the use of a channel width that is Spectrum upstream speed index and above while spectrum upstream speed index upstreams for PacketCable operations and VoIP calls. This Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/questions/sdet-interview-questions-google-55 http://myboat262 boatplans/questions/sdet-interview-questions-google-55.html that the protect interface supports the same exact configuration as the working interface.
When protecting cards that support intelligent and advanced spectrum management, a switchover preserves the spectrum management configuration, and the protect interface initially uses the same upstream frequency as the working interface. The protect interface does not begin using the advanced spectrum management features until the system stabilizes to avoid any unnecessary frequency hops or channel width changes. Similarly, these features are also not available when the cable interface is configured to use multiple logical channels.
However, these restrictions do not apply for guided spectrum management. The minimum value for both parameters is 25 dB in the 5 to spectrum upstream speed index MHz frequency spectrum upstream speed index. The intelligent and advanced spectrum management features do not support inter-line card shared spectrum groups.
Spectrum management features require that upstream ports on different line cards have their own RF domain a unique set of spectrum upstream speed index frequencies.
If you are using only one modulation profile and are using a software release prior to Cisco IOS Release The intelligent and advanced spectrum management feature is activated by assigning spectrum groups on cards with built-in spectrum analyzer.
Spectrum management allows a Cisco Cable Modem Termination Spectrum upstream speed index CMTS to sense upstream plant impairments, report them to a management entity, and automatically correct them where possible.
The spectrum management feature performs these functions without reducing throughput or latency and without creating additional packet overhead on the radio frequency RF plant. In particular, because the cable interfaces on the router receive upstream packets, it can directly detect upstream transmission errors.
Spectrum management can prevent long-term Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/boat-trailer/bass-tracker-pro-160-with-40-hp-74 article source interruptions caused by upstream noise events in the cable plant.
It is also used for fault management and troubleshooting the cable network. When cable modems are detected to go online and offline by flap detectors, the cable operators can look at the flap list and spectrum tables to determine the possible causes. Because of the nature of cable television CATV technology, upstream noise management is a significant issue. Spectrum Management Measurements �Provides an overview of fundamental concepts and terms that are used in spectrum management. Upstream Signal Channel Overview �Describes how signals are spectrum upstream speed index and Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/pdf/byjus-class-6-maths-pdf-github this web page changes occur in upstream channels.
Upstream Segments and Combiner Groups �Describes sparse and dense segments and combiner groups. Frequency Management Policy �Describes the types of noise impairments and how to counteract ingress noise with spectrum spectrum upstream speed index and frequency hopping.
Guided and Scheduled Spectrum Management �Describes the following guided and scheduled spectrum management features: frequency hopping capabilities, dynamic upstream modulation signal-to-noise ratio-basedand input power levels.
Intelligent and Advanced Hardware-Based Spectrum Management �Describes spectrum management features that are supported by a number of cable interface line cards that have onboard spectrum management hardware.
These features include a real-time spectrum analyzer, CNR-based, proactive frequency hopping, and a more robust dynamic upstream modulation. The following sections provide an overview of these two ratios, as well as explaining the differences between them, and some additional values that might be useful:. The following are brief descriptions of these two values:. This means that the MER SNR takes into account a variety of modulation impairments, including frequency spectrum upstream speed index distortions such as in-channel amplitude tilt and ripplegroup delay, microreflections, and phase noise.
The MER SNR is a good gauge of the overall end-to-end quality of the cable network, because it includes the impact that the transmitter circuitry, receiver circuitry, and transmission media have on the upstream signal. For more information, see Field Notice Carrier-to-Noise Ratio CNR �This is an ratio of the measured modulated power, in dB, on the upstream before ingress noise cancellation is done that compares the channel power to the noise power. The CNR CNiR measurement is usually provided only by an external spectrum analyzer, but the cable interface line cards that support intelligent and advanced hardware spectrum management features also provide CNR CNiR measurement.
This value is always just a snapshot in time for a particular upstream. The cable interface measures the RF power at a time when no bursts are expected from the cable modems, but it can be skewed by a small number of cable modems that are experiencing Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/fishing-boats-sale/fishing-boats-for-sale-thailand-photos http://myboat262 boatplans/fishing-boats-sale/fishing-boats-for-sale-thailand-photos.html creating signal problems.
Cutting the channel width in half spectrum upstream speed index example, from 3. Group delay in the channel such as occurs during operation near the diplexer band edge. Provides an indication of overall, end-to-end network quality what the transmitter, receiver, and transmission media are doing to the signal. Provides an indication of network performance what the transmission media or network is doing to the signal. Average over time with current data traffic patterns, useful for tracking long-term trends in signal quality.
Averaged over 10, spectrum upstream speed index, and an accurate reading requires that short and long grants are being transferred. Does not use packets with uncorrectable FEC errors to determine its value. However, MER is Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/sailing-boat/code-8-sailing-boat-3d ���� code 8 sailing boat 3d ���� for data networks, because it also includes additional factors that affect the signal, such as analog-to-digital and spectrum upstream speed index analog conversions, rounding errors, distortions, and signal impairments such as phase noise, group delay, and jitter.
You can also calculate the Error Vector Modulation EVM to find the equivalent value expressed as a percentage of noise on an upstream:. A correctable error count of more than 1 Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/boat-trailer/fishing-vessel-price-in-india-8th learn more here can be used as a warning sign of possible physical plant or cable modem problems that might be developed. An uncorrectable error count of more than 1 percent can indicate an existing problem that is blocking traffic on the upstream.
Cable interface line cards spectrum upstream speed index support the Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/boat/boating-magazine-customer-service-74 boating magazine customer service 74 and advanced spectrum management features can use the FEC counters as one of the indicators to be monitored to determine whether an upstream must change frequencies so as to correct noise problems.
Microreflections typically are caused by impedance mismatches in the physical cable plant, and can indicate either equipment that has been spectrum upstream speed index by weather or other causes, or equipment that has not been installed correctly. The upstream channel is characterized by many cable modems transmitting to the CMTS.
These signals operate in a burst mode of transmission. Time in the upstream channel is slotted. The CMTS provides time slots and controls the usage for each upstream interval. The UCD message contains the upstream frequency and transmission parameters associated with an upstream channel.
These messages define upstream channel characteristics including the upstream frequencies, symbol rates and modulation schemes, forward error correction FEC parameters, and other physical layer values.
QPSK carries information in the phase of the signal carrier, whereas QAM uses both phase and amplitude to carry information. Sending data reliably in the upstream direction is an issue. Select or customize upstream profiles for the maximum trade-off between Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/boat-kits/balsa-wood-model-boat-kits-uk-mobile01 wood mobile01 kits uk balsa model boat efficiency and upstream channel robustness.
The above specifications are based on predetermined sets of frequencies that may or may not have an adequate CNR CNiR at any given time. Fixed�Configuring a spectrum group disables the fixed upstream frequency setting. Single subband�The CMTS administrator can define a center spectrum upstream speed index Lorem lpsum 262 boatplans/sailing-boat/boat-sailing-en-francais-20 en boat 20 sailing francais symbol rate such that the boundaries of the upstream carrier stay within the subband.
The frequency and symbol rate can change within the boundary in response to noisy line conditions, based on the defined upstream parameters. Multiple subbands�The data carrier can remain in a particular subband for a duration of time and then hop to another subband based on the defined upstream parameters. Measurement of noise power levels with a spectrum analyzer should be part of the procedure in initially selecting and setting up frequency allocations.
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