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Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than cm. The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area. The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country.
Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall. These low-pressure systems, originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause the much-needed winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. The peninsular region does not have a welldefined cold season.
There is hardly any noticeable seasonal change in temperature pattern during winters due to the moderating influence of the sea. This shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic depressions, which originate over the Andaman Sea. These cyclones generally cross the eastern coasts of India cause heavy and widespread rain. These tropical cyclones are often very destructive.
The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and property. Sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Orissa, West Bengal and Bangladesh. Question-9 Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Solution: Despite an overall unity in the general pattern, there are perceptible regional variations in climatic conditions within the country. The two important elements, which cause these variations, are � temperature and precipitation. Question Discuss the mechanism of monsoons. Solution: To understand the mechanism of the monsoons, the following facts are important.
The intensity and position of this high-pressure area affects the Indian Monsoon. Question Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season. Solution: The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other.
The cold weather season begins from mid- November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India. The temperature decreases from south to the north.
Days are warm and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall. Question Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Solution: The Monsoon, unlike the trades, are not steady winds but are pulsating in nature, affected by different atmospheric conditions encountered by it, on its way over the warm tropical seas. The duration of the monsoon is between days from early June to mid-September. Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula generally by the first week of June.
Subsequently, it divides into two � the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days later on approximately the 10th of June. This is a fairly rapid advance. The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in the first week of June.
The lofty mountains causes the monsoon winds to deflect towards the west over the Ganga plains. By mid-June the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon arrives over Saurashtra-Kuchchh and the central part of the country. The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the monsoon merge over the northwestern part of the Ganga plains.
Delhi generally receives the monsoon showers from the Bay of Bengal branch by the end of June tentative date is 29th of June. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country. Withdrawal or the retreat of the monsoon is a more gradual process. The withdrawal of the monsoon begins in northwestern states of India by early September. By mid-October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. The withdrawal from the southern half of the peninsula is fairly rapid.
The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers. Rainwater, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.
Solution: Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. Nearly households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is once again being conserved through modern adaptation. Rainwater running down from the roofs is not fed into drains.
Instead it is piped into underground reservoirs. Multiple Choice Questions. Which one of the following is not the cause of water scarcity? Which state has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state?
On which of the following rivers is Koyna dam built? Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built on which river? Which of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?
Additional Questions 6. Bamboo drip irrigation is common in the state of a Rajasthan b Madhya Pradesh c Meghalaya d Karnataka. Water is a renewable resource because a it is being recycled by human beings. Oceans contain ����.. On which river is the Bhakra Nangal Dam located? Hirakud dam is located in which one of the following states? Mettur Dam is located on a R. Krishna b R.
Mahanadi c R. Narmada d R. Which one of the following is not a source of freshwater? What percentage of the global precipitation is received in India? Water scarcity occurs due to i low rainfall in a region ii large population iii over-exploitation iv unequal access a i and ii b ii and iii c i and iv d All of the above. Water scarcity is a serious problem in recent years mainly in a Cities b Rural areas c Deserts d Mountains. In India hydroelectric power contributes to what percentage of the total electricity produced?
We need to conserve water because i it will be exhausted. In which state is the Tehri Dam located? In semi arid regions of Rajasthan the traditional system of storing drinking water in underground tanks are called a Dugwells b Johads c Tankas d None of the above.
Which of the following Indian rivers are the most polluted? Which one of the following statements is incorrect as regards to opposition against multi-purpose projects. Khadins and Johads are the rain fed storage structures of which of the following states? Which village in Karnataka has earned a rare distinction of being rich in rain water? On which of the following rivers is the Salal Project located? By how many people will live in absolute water scarcity?
Which one of the following options are incorrect as regards to water scarcity in cities.
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