History Class 10th Ncert Notes Api,Aluminum Boat Dealers Nova Scotia Version,Hydra Sport Bass Boat For Sale 82 - Review
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For class notes in detail and further chapter solutions, we have a dedicated section for the students of boards. Refer to Class 10 History Chapter 1 notes to get an in-depth understanding of the chapter.
The notes of Chapter 1 History Class 10 starts with the dream Sorrieu had of a world made up of democratic and social republics. His idea of nationalism excludes class-based divisions and he divides the people marching in the scene by their nations. Men and women marching together with flags of their nation can be seen depicting a nationalist feeling.
The French revolution during gave a clear image of nationalism in the minds of people all over. The idea of nationalism grew further with ideas like la Patrie and le Citoyen. Nationalism as an idea and spirit spread to many parts of Europe and Jacobin clubs started popping up everywhere in Europe. The French army invaded many other countries like Holland, Belgium and Switzerland by the s. Napoleon destroyed democracy in France and established monarchy.
Napoleon did away with birth based privileges and implemented a codified system known as the Napoleonic Code in Europe was divided into various dutchies and empires instead of countries like present day.
The idea of nation-states was non-existent then. The late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century was dominated by the aristocracy. They were not only connected to each other by business but also marriage on many occasions. The Industrial Revolution paved the way for industries to set up in cities and a new class emerged. They started dominating the city spaces and came to be known as the middle class. Socially, liberalism stood for the idea of freedom for the individual and equality before the law.
Economically, liberalism meant that merchants could freely trade their wares and move around in various regions for business purposes. As economic liberalism grew, the feeling of nationalism also grew to greater heights. A lot of people felt that traditional institutions and systems needed to be brought back. Even though many understood that they do not need to go to pre-revolutionary days, they felt modernisation might strengthen their traditional institutes.
The Treaty of Vienna was responsible for undoing most of the changes done by Napoleon. Monarchies overthrown by Napoleon were tried to be brought back through these measures. Conservatives of did not tolerate any kind of dissent, criticism and controlled the speech of the public by censorship.
Freedom of speech was curbed as much as possible. Although the liberal-nationalist were still working actively despite all this. The Conservatives tried curbing the freedom of speech but they were unable to do so.
Liberal nationalists found ways and set up secret societies to spread the message of nationalism. One such liberal-nationalist was Giuseppe Mazzini. He founded Young Italy and Young Europe. Many secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland, and Poland. Mazzini and his activities had now started to terrorize the conservatives.
Liberal-nationalist started to be associated with various revolutions in many European regions. The primary belong to the educated middle-class elite. The first set of shocks was felt by the Bourbon Kings who were overthrown by liberal-nationalist. Another revolution due to nationalism was the Greek War of Independence. Nationalism was not only displayed through rebellion and revolution but also through culture. Poetry, story music and everything else also played an important role in shaping nationalism among people.
Under romanticism, established writers and poets criticized the use of science and reason and emphasized the importance of emotions, intuition, and created a sense of shared feeling. Folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances got popular, as they were being used as a nation-building tool by the common people. The language was also used as a weapon against monarchy for any Anti-National element. In regions where another language was imposed, removing the vernacular one, there were rebellions, and vernacular language was re-established in institutions.
Europe was hit with economic peril around the s. There was a population boom all over Europe and food prices rose due to bad harvest. Poverty and unemployment rose to great heights during this time. On one hand, poverty had created a revolution in the society on the other hand liberal-nationalist advantage of the situation and fought for their own issues. A parliament-like structure was demanded of the conservatives in Germany and Friedrich Wilhelm IV was selected to be the Monarch who would lead them.
Friedrich refused and joined the conservatives instead. Women and men rebelled together and created a revolution in society. Although giving women political rights was still a controversial issue. Women had empowered themselves by founding newspapers, taking part in political meetings, and demonstrations.
By , the conservative understood that they had to give concessions to the liberal nationalists, as they would not stop otherwise. Many changes in the government were seen thereafter. After , the conservatives started to use nationalism as a weapon to further their policies. This is clearly visible in how Germany and Italy united as nation-states. The initiative to unify Prussia was taken by the army.
Under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck, Prussia was United using the help from the army and bureaucracy. Italy was divided into various States just like Germany. It was divided into seven states out of which only one was ruled by a princely house. Sardinia-piedmont was ruled by the princely house. Italian unification was possible due to the Chief Minister Cavour.
On the one hand, Mazzini spread nationalism using his Young Italy society. Sardinia-piedmont defeated the Austrians in Victor Emmanuel II became the king of Italy in Britain became a nation-state not by a Revolution or rebellion but rather by imposing its influence on its neighbouring countries. With varied identities and ethnicities, the European region was very diverse.
The act of union between England and Scotland in the influence of Britain over Scotland. This is how British unification took place. The nationalism was depicted by various personifications known as allegory.
Germania and Marianne were two famous allegorical figures. While nationalism declined in the 19th century, the Balkan region had growing tensions. The Ottoman Empire made situations worse for the Balkan region. Europe had widespread nationalism but on the other hand, it was lined with imperialism.
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