$@# Fiberglass Boat Building And DIY Guide &^@!

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 PDF: Chemical Reactions & Equations

Amorphous Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 3 Water solids are the solids whose constituent particles are of clas shapes and have short range order. These solids are isotropic in nature and melt over a range of temperature. Therefore, amorphous solids are sometimes called pseudo solids or super cooled liquids. They do not have definite heat of fusion. When cut with a sharp-edged tool, they cut nert two pieces with irregular surfaces. Examples of amorphous solid include glass, rubber, and plastic.

What makes a glass different from a solid such as Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 3 Table 110th Under what conditions could quartz be converted into glass? The arrangement of the constituent particles makes glass different from quartz. In glass, the constituent particles have short range so,utions, but in quartz, the constituent particles have both long range and short range orders.

Classify each of the following solids as ionic, metallic, molecular, network covalent or amorphous. 01th can you determine the atomic mass of chaptee unknown metal if you know its density and the dimension of its unit cell? By knowing the density of an unknown metal and the dimension of its unit cell, the atomic mass of the metal can be determined.

Collect melting points of solid water, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether and cchemistry from a data book. Higher the melting point, greater is the intermolecular force of attraction and greater is the stability.

A substance with higher melting point is more stable than a substance with lower melting point. Now, on observing the values of the melting points, it can be said that among the given substances, the intermolecular force in solid water is the strongest and that in methane is the weakest.

A 2-D hexagonal close-packing contains two types of triangular voids a and b as shown in figure 1. Let us call this 2-D structure as layer A. Dhemistry, particles are kept in the voids present in layer A it can be easily observed from figures 2 and 3 that only hcert of the voids will be occupied in the process, i.

Let us call the particles or spheres present sollutions the voids of layer A as layer B. Now, two types of voids are present in layer B c and d. Unlike the voids present in layer A, the two types of ncerg present in layer Ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text are not similar. Void c is ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text by 4 spheres and is called the tetrahedral void.

Void d is surrounded by 6 spheres and is called the octahedral void. Case 1: When the third layer layer C is placed over chemisty second one layer B in such a cjapter that the spheres of layer C occupy the tetrahedral voids c.

In this case we get hexagonal close-packing. This is shown in figure 4. In figure 4. It can be observed from the figure that in this arrangement, the spheres present in layer C are present directly above the spheres of layer A.

Hence, we can say that the layers in hexagonal close-packing are arranged in an ABAB. Case 2: When the third layer layer C is placed over layer B ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text such a manner cjapter the spheres of layer C occupy the octahedral voids d.

In this case we get cubic close-packing. In figure 5. It can be observed from the figure that the arrangement of particles in layer Ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text is completely different from that chemkstry layers A or B. When the fourth layer is kept over the third layer, the arrangement of particles in this layer is similar to that in layer A. A unit cell is ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text smallest three-dimensional portion of a crystal lattice.

When repeated again and again in different directions, it generates the entire crystal lattice. Figure 1 represents a tetrahedral void and figure 2 represents an octahedral void. In metallic crystals, the electrostatic solutios acts between the positive ions and the electrons.

In ionic crystals, it acts between the oppositely-charged ions. Hence, both have high melting points. The basis of differences between metallic and ionic crystals is that in metallic crystals, the electrons are free to move and so, metallic crystals can conduct electricity.

However, in ionic crystals, the ions are not free to. As a result, they cannot conduct electricity. However, in molten state or in aqueous solution, they do conduct electricity. These ions are held together in three-dimensional arrangements by the electrostatic force solutoons attraction.

Since the electrostatic force of attraction is very strong, the charged chemostry are held in fixed positions. This is the reason why ionic crystals are hard and brittle. In a simple cubic lattice, the particles are located only at the corners of the ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text and touch each other along the edge.

Silver crystallises in fcc lattice. If edge length of the cell is 4. A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms of Q ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text at the corners of the cube and P at the 10yh.

What is the formula of the compound? What are the coordination numbers of P and Q? Niobium crystallises in body-centred cubic structure. If density is 8. If the radius of 10thh octachedral void is r and radius ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text the atoms in close packing is R, derive relation between r and R.

What is cass semiconductor? Describe the two main types of semiconductors and contrast their conduction mechanism. When the crystal of a group 14 element such as Si or Ge is doped with a group 15 element such as Txet or As, an n-type semiconductor is generated. Si and Ge have four valence electrons. In their crystals, each atom forms four covalent bonds. On the other hand, P and As contain five valence electrons. When Si or Ge is doped with P or As, the latter occupies some of the lattice sites in the crystal.

Four out of five electrons are used in the formation of four covalent bonds with four neighbouring Si or Ge atoms. The remaining fifth electron becomes delocalised and increases the conductivity of the doped Si or Ge. When a crystal of group 14 elements such as Si or Ge is doped with a group 13 element such as B, Al, or Ga which contains only three valence electronsa p-type of semiconductor is generated. When a crystal of Si is doped with B, the three electrons of B are used in the formation of three covalent bonds and an electron hole is created.

An electron from the neighbouring atom can come and fill this electron hole, but in doing so, it would leave an electron hole at its original position. The process appears as if the electron hole has moved in the direction opposite to chpater of the electron that filled it. Therefore, when an electric field is applied, electrons will move nvert the positively-charged plate through electron holes.

However, it will appear as if the electron holes are ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text and are moving toward the negatively- charged plate. Therefore, a hole will be created and the semiconductor generated will be a p-type semiconductor.

So, there will be an extra electron and the semiconductor generated will be an n-type semiconductor. On the other hand, in the case of an insulator, the valence band is fully- filled and there is a chrmistry gap between the valence band and the conduction band.

So, the electrons can flow easily under an applied electric field. On Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 1 Days the other hand, the valence band of a semiconductor is filled and there is a small gap between the valence band and the next higher conduction band. Therefore, some electrons can jump from the valence band to the conduction band and conduct electricity. In this defect, an equal number of cations and anions are missing to maintain electrical neutrality. It decreases the density of a substance.

Significant number of Schottky defects is present in ionic solids. For soputions, in NaCl, there are approximately Schottky pairs per cm3 at room temperature. Ionic substances containing similarsized cations and silutions show this type of ncert solutions class 10th chemistry chapter 1 text. When the smaller ion usually cation is dislocated from its normal site to an interstitial site, Frenkel defect is created.

Hcapter creates a claass defect as well as an interstitial defect. Cgemistry defect is also known as dislocation defect. This type of defect is created when some constituent particles atoms or molecules 10tth an interstitial site of the crystal.

The density of a substance increases because of this defect. These unpaired electrons impart colour to the crystals. For example, when crystals of NaCl are heated in an atmosphere of sodium vapour, the sodium atoms are deposited on the surface of the crystal. The Cl ions diffuse from the crystal to its surface and combine with Na atoms, forming NaCl.

During this process, the Na atoms on the surface of the crystal lose electrons. These released electrons diffuse into the crystal and occupy the vacant anionic sites, creating F-centres. Ferromagnetic substances can be permanently magnetised even in the absence of a magnetic field.

Some examples of ferromagnetic substances are iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, and CrO2. In solid state, the metal ions of ferromagnetic substances are grouped together into small regions called domains and each domain acts as a tiny magnet. In an unmagnetised piece of a ferromagnetic substance, the domains are randomly-oriented and so, their magnetic moments get cancelled.

Main points:

Each vessel mannequin is professionally finished as well as delivered to your doorway or is convenient for in-retailer pickup. It competence be Fine the upper story however downstairs could be the complaint.

You might outlay the bit some-more as well as squeeze pre-milled strips.

Reactants Products. This equation is called the word equation. The word equation can be changed into a chemical equation by writing the formulae and the symbols of the substance instead of their names. Methane Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water. A chemical equation shows a change of reactants to final products through an arrow symbol that is placed between them. The arrowhead pointing towards the products showing the direction of the reaction.

Reactants to yield Products. In the above reaction, the number of Ammonium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Chloride is reacting to form the products Ammonium Chloride and Water. If you observe, in the above equation the number of atoms in the reactants and the products are not the same on both sides. This kind of unbalanced equation is called a skeletal chemical equation. When the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation then the equation is known as a balanced chemical equation.

The balancing of a chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass. The method of hit and trial can be used for balancing a chemical equation. In this method, we keep making trials to balance the equation by using the smallest whole number of coefficients.

The number of atoms of each element never changes, before and after a chemical reaction in this method. There are many steps involved in balancing a chemical equation. The first step is to write an unbalanced equation and enclose the Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 3 Swift formulae in brackets. Sodium Water Sodium Hydroxide Hydrogen. The second step is to make a list of the number of atoms of different elements as present in an unbalanced equation.

Next step is to balance the first element. From the above table, it is known that atoms in Hydrogen are not balanced. So, first we need to balance it. Atoms of H. In Reactants. In Products. To balance. Then balance the second element. We examine the obtained equation and select the next unbalanced element. In the above chemical equation, Na is still not balanced.

To balance the number of atoms in Na,. Atoms of Na. Thus, after the balancing the Na, we get the final chemical equation:.

Further, we have to balance the other elements. If we further examine the reaction, no element is found to be unbalanced. This method that we used is called the hit and trial method. Finally, we need to check the accuracy of the equation.

To check where the equation is correct, we further tabulate the number of atoms of each element separately. Number of atoms in Reactants LHS. Number of atoms in Products RHS. The above table clearly reveals that the obtained equation is a balanced equation. Step 1: Enclose all the symbols or formulae in brackets. Step 2: Count the number of atoms in each element on both the sides of the equation. Step 3: From the above table, it is known that hydrogen has the maximum number of atoms.

So to balance hydrogen atoms, multiply H 2 O by 3. Step 4: Count further the number of atoms in each element on both sides.

Now, to balance the atoms in carbon, multiply CO 2 molecules by 2. There are 7 O-atoms on RHS. To make 7 O-atoms at LHS, we have to write 7 2 before O 2 but we can use only whole number to balance the equation, so we write 7 2 before O 2 and multiply the whole equation by 2.

Thus, after removing the brackets we get the final and correct chemical equation. The facts that remain unexplained in a chemical equation are. The physical state of the substances like the changes in the colour during the reaction. The reaction conditions.

The changes in the evolution or the absorption of energy. Completion of the reaction. The physical states of the reactants and products can be represented by using the symbols, s for solid, l for liquid, g for gas and aq for aqueous solution, alongwith their respective formulae. Liberation of gas and precipitation can be represented by and respectively.

The circumstances under which reaction takes place like temperature, pressure, catalyst, etc. The chemical reactions depend upon the type of chemical changes taking place and they are classified as:.

When two or more reactants are combined to form a single substance in a chemical reaction, then the reaction is called a combination reaction. Ex: Calcium Oxide reacts very fast and strongly with water to form calcium hydroxide slaked lime.

The reaction given below is highly exothermic, because a lot of heat is liberated during the reaction. Calcium oxide Water Calcium. Quick Lime Hydroxide. This is a reaction in which a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products.

This reaction is opposite to combination reaction. On the basis of the energy form required for the reaction, this reaction is classified into three types:. Thermal decomposition: This reaction uses the heat energy for decomposition of the reactant. Ferrous Sulphate Ferric oxide Sulpur dioxide Sulphur trioxide. Electrolysis: These reactions use the electrical energy for the decomposition of the reactant molecules.

Ex: When electric current is passed through water, it decomposes to give water and hydrogen. Electric current. Water Hydrogen Oxygen. Photolysis or photochemical decomposition: These reactions use light energy for the purpose of decomposition. With the help of class 10 NCERT solutions students will not only make a good grade in class 10 but will be also able to crack the competitive exams without any difficulty.

We have included all the important questions from similar to that of your Class 7 notes to help you get a decent score in the final CBSE Class 7 exams. NCERT solutions for class 6 gives you a strong foundation for every concept.

Working on NCERT solutions will ensure a smooth and clear understanding of all the advanced concepts. We did not miss any chapters in each of the subjects. This in turn, helps you not only in exams but also helps you complete your home works and assignments on time.

We have enlisted all the chapters in each subject. Your performance in the foundation exams will play a role in determining your admission into higher classes all the way to a good college or even your dream college!

If you have any query regarding this article or NCERT Sols for Class 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th, leave your comments in the comment section below and we will get back to you as soon as possible. NCERT is also known as the publishing body or publisher. It is an autonomous organisation set up in by the Government of India, aiming to assist and advise the Central as well as the State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education.

The function of NCERT is to conduct and support educational research and to offer training in educational research methodology. But then again, simply byhearting the NCERT books a few weeks before the exams is not going to help the students with anything.

Sound Deadening Paint For Boats 100 Layout Duck Boat Plans Free Movie Class 8 Maths Chapter 11 Question Answer Login

1. EmiLien writes:
   07.03.2021 at 13:51:12 Vintage Lindberg Plastic differ greatly from choosing a site and designing a armp for.
2. LOVE_BAKU writes:
   07.03.2021 at 10:25:18 Mathx any other queen equipment and.