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The Oregon Coast is a coastal region of the U. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to its west and the Oregon Coast Range to the east, and stretches approximately miles km from the California state border in the south to the Columbia River in the north.
The region is not a specific geological, environmental, or political entity, and includes the Columbia River Estuary. The Oregon Beach Bill of allows free beach access to everyone. In return for a pedestrian easement and relief from construction the bill eliminates property taxes on private beach land and allows its owners to retain certain beach land rights. Traditionally, the Oregon Coast is regarded as three distinct sub�regions: [2].
Route is the primary highway from Brookings to Astoria and is known for its scenic overlooks of the Pacific Ocean. Over 80 state parks and recreation areas dot the Oregon Coast. OR 18 and US 20 are considered among the dangerous roads in the state. Three primary landforms appear along its shoreline: sea cliffs, beaches, and stacks. The North Coast, which stretches from the Columbia River to Cascade Head, possesses longer stretches of unbroken beach due to silt deposits washed southwards from the Columbia River , a higher concentration of logging zones, [ citation needed ] and larger, but less frequent sandbar -enclosed bays.
Astoria serves as a staging ground for ships entering and leaving the Columbia River, because of the dangerous Columbia Bar. Ships wishing to make the passage require the aid of specially trained bar pilots.
Along the coast are the cities of Seaside , Cannon Beach and Tillamook. Because of the low lands that exist on this region of coast, flooding is an annual problem, especially in the winter, when storms push in from the North Pacific. Tillamook is particularly affected by these yearly floods, because of its location on a major floodplain. Sandstone cliffs occur rather sporadically in this region.
This is due to relatively slow uplift rates as well as fairly constant sediment wash from the Columbia River. Future uplift from the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate will eventually create sandstone cliffs similar to those found further south and north. The weather on the North Coast is moderate. The most rain occurs in November and December averaging over 11 inches mm each month.
July and August are the driest averaging under 2 inches 51 mm of rain each month. Most days are cloudy or partly cloudy throughout the year. The summer has the most sun with approximately half the days sunny or partly cloudy. The Central Coast, which extends from Cascade Head to Reedsport, while similar to the North Coast, possesses fewer sandy beaches, more sea cliffs and terraces, and a greater number of bays. Several small urban areas exist in this region. Because the usable lands of the region are squeezed between the mountains and the ocean, most urban areas are relatively small [ citation needed ] but are still larger than those of the South Coast region.
The southernmost area of Central coast is the intermediary zone for this region and the more mountainous South Coast region. Exposed sandstone cliffs are also common along the beaches and highway.
Local sandstones of the Central Coast were uplifted during the Neogene Era. Higher layers of exposed sandstone are often varying shades of orange, and are often quite soft to the touch, often being very brittle, and relatively easily eroded. Lower exposed layers, though less frequent, reveal harder sandstone deposits. Unlike the higher layers, they are Ocean Led Lights For Boats Machines often gray-brown in color and hard in comparison. This lower sandstone often breaks off in large, squared chunks.
The South Coast region, which extends from Reedsport to the California border, is distinct from the North and Central Coast regions because of its mountainous nature, due to tectonic uplift and terrane accretion in ancient times.
Much of the coastline in this region is made up of sea cliffs and miles of beaches. Among the landscape of the region exists the Oregon Dunes. Cape Blanco , which is approximately 6. Cape Blanco extends further west than any point of land in the contiguous United States lower 48 states except Cape Alava , in Washington. It is in this region that the western redcedar and Sitka spruce forests give way to the more southerly coast redwood , Port Orford cedar , and Douglas-fir forests, which also include the northern extent of Oregon Myrtle trees aka California Bay Laurel.
Because of the Ocean Led Lights For Boats 5g Oregon Coast's physical complexity, many different species of plant and animal can be found in the region, both terrestrial and marine in nature. However, past human interaction has caused a decline in several species of animal along the coast, such as the sea otter.
Due to several factors, including climate, weather, and terrain, there is a great variety of plants within the coast region. In some areas, large trees are uncommon. This is because severe winter storms and poor soil limit the growing height of many species. Shore pine Pinus contorta subsp.
However several species of fir , pine , and cedar can be found, including a few endemic species, such as the Port Orford cedar Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Because of this, logging has been a historically viable trade for the region.
In the North Coast region near Astoria, and in Lincoln County, large tracts of land are second and third generation woodland, having been logged and replanted in the past. Because of the salt carried inland by constant onshore winds, only the hardiest varieties of small plant can thrive close to shore.
Coastal strawberry and Pacific silverweed are common along the coast due to their reproductive advantages and salt tolerance. Like many forested regions of the western United States and Canada, many large species of animal can be found in the woods of the region. Most common are the Roosevelt elk and black-tailed deer , as well as bobcats and North American cougar.
All four species, though common now, were uncommon in the past, having moved more heavily into the region with the beginning of timber harvest.
Likewise, smaller species, including nutrias and opossum can also be found, as well as the Townsend's mole , which inhabits many lowland and floodplain areas. The marine ecology of the Oregon Coast is some of the most diverse in the world. More than 29 species of marine mammals make their home on the Oregon Coast, including several species of seal , including the Steller's sea lion and harbor seal , as well as the less common northern elephant seal and California sea lion.
Seal pups can sometimes be seen on sandy beaches resting. Signs are often posted on beaches warning of this, as the law prohibits disturbing them. Formerly, populations of sea otter could be found on the coast.
However, fur hunters have wiped out the Oregon populations. Prior to the sighting in February in Depoe Bay, no sea otters had been sighted in over years. Several species of whale can be observed in the waters near shore, especially during migration in late December and late March, such as gray whale , orca , and humpback whale. Harbor porpoises are also relatively Led Marker Lights For Boats 100 common.
Tour boats often take passengers on whale watching tours, though it is possible to do so from shore. It is sometimes the case that whale carcasses are beached on Oregon shores.
One such beaching, which occurred near Florence in November, , was handled by blowing it up using dynamite. This has become the well-known exploding whale incident. Tidepools , which occur frequently along Oregon's rocky shores, are unique, contained ecosystems housing up to many hundreds of species of animal. Red , green , and brown algae are common sights. Many species of invertebrates can also be found in these coastal tidepools, and include sponges , sea anemones , mussels , sea stars , limpets , crabs , shrimp , barnacles , sea urchins , and sea cucumbers.
Also common along the coast are kelp forests and rock reefs. Both areas harbor much of Oregon's marine life, including many species of fish, such as the numerous species of rockfish , flatfish , and greenlings. Because these areas provide a shelter from oceanic currents, these zones share many invertebrate species with the onshore tidal zone.
Because of the rich diversity of life, most animal species along the Oregon coast depend on these keystone zones for survival. Many varieties of birds make their home on the Oregon Coast. Because of the variety of birds found in the area, bird watching is a common pastime. Birds along the Oregon Coast can be divided into four categories:.
The Oregon coastal waters are known to have 16 species of shark present: [22]. There are one or two shark bites reported along the Oregon coast each year, mostly boats and surfing boards being tasted. Every few years�a total of 25 since �a human is bitten. The last was Joseph Tanner, October 10, It is generally accepted that the first indigenous peoples arrived in the region around 11,�13, years ago, likely drawn by the rich natural resources of the area. However, very little is known about these early peoples, as very few archeological sites exist from before 3, years ago.
The lifestyles of these tribes were very similar and sometimes interlinked, with the defining differences being the languages they spoke. Many of the tribes subsisted primarily on seafoods such as clams, salmon , and seals , as well as berries. These further explorations led to many discoveries along the Oregon and Washington Coasts. Heceta Head was later named after Bruno de Heceta. At the same time as the Spanish expeditions, British mariners also began to explore the region, led by explorers Sir Francis Drake in the 16th century and later by James Cook and George Vancouver in the 18th century.
British expeditions made many discoveries in the region. Drake called the area New Albion , though the exact location of New Albion remains a mystery. Vancouver would make the most extensive explorations of the region during his expeditions.
In August, , Gray attempted to gain entrance to the mouth of the Columbia. However, Gray accidentally grounded the Washington on a sand bar, and the ship was attacked by natives, in which one crew member was killed and the mate wounded. Gray mentioned the river to Vancouver, which Gray had named the Ocean Led Lights For Boats 5ghz Columbia. Vancouver quietly dismissed this claim by Gray, thinking that the Columbia was a part of the Juan de Fuca Strait.
Vancouver was loath to later admit Gray's correct discovery of the Columbia River. In , with the successful purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, President Thomas Jefferson ordered an expedition to the west coast, which was led by Captain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. During their stay at Fort Clatsop, the Corps of Discovery made many observations about the landscape and local life, as well as establishing relations with the local Clatsop Indians.
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